Motivating and Satisfying Employees and Teams

Motivating and Satisfying Employees and Teams

1. Historical Perspectives on Motivation

   • Scientific Management
     • The application of scientific principles to management of work and workers
   • Taylor’s Piece-Rate System
     • Workers who exceeded their quota were rewarded by being paid at a higher rate per piece for all the pieces they produced
   • The Hawthorne Studies
     • To determine the effects of the work environment on employee productivity
   • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
     • A sequence of human needs in the order of their importance
   • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
     • Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
   • Douglas McGregor
     • Sets of assumptions about managerial attitudes and beliefs regarding worker behavior
   • Theory X
   • Theory Y
   • Theory Z
   • Reinforcement Theory
     • Behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that is punished is less likely to recur

2. Contemporary Views on Motivation

   • Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom)
     • Motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it
   • Equity Theory
     • the distribution of rewards in direct proportion to the contribution of each employee to the organization
   • Goal-Setting Theory
     • Employees are motivated to achieve goals they and their managers establish together

3. Key Motivation Techniques

   • Companies are trying to motivate employees by satisfying less tangible needs.
   • Management by Objectives
   • Job enrichment
   • Job enlargement
   • Job redesign
   • Behavior modification
   • Steps in behavior modification
   • Flextime
   • Part-time work
   • Job sharing
   • Telecommuting
   • Employee empowerment
   • Employee ownership

4. Teams and Teamwork

   • Two or more workers operating as a coordinated unit to accomplish a specific task or goal
   • Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Managed Teams
   • Roles within a team
   • Roles within a team
   • Team conflict and how to resolve it
   • Benefits and limitations of teams
   • Stages of Team Development

5. What Is Motivation?

   • The individual internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; the personal “force” that causes us to behave in a particular way