LIVER

LIVER

1. STRUCTURE

   • HEPATIC ARTERY
     • FROM AORTA
       • BLOOD FROM HEART
         • OXYGENATED
     • ARTERIOLES
   • HEPATIC VEIN
     • BLOOD TO LIVER
       • RICH IN NUTRIENTS
         • DEOXYGENATED
     • SINUSOIDS
       • WIDER
       • DISCONTINUOUS LINING
         • PROTEINS LEAVE THE BLOOD
         • BLOOD CONTACTS LIVER
       • VENULES
         • VENA CAVA

2. DAMAGE

   • JAUNDICE
     • BUILD-UP IN BLOOD
     • YELLOWING EYES/ SKIN
     • HEPATITIS
     • LIVER CANCER
     • PANCREATIC CANCER
     • GALLSTONES
     • RARE IN NEWBORNS
       • HIGH RBC TURNOVER
       • INSUFFICIENT BILLIRUBIN YET
       • NO BILLIRUBIN REABSORPTION
         • NEWBORNS NOT PROP. FED

3. FUNCTION

   • REGULATING NUTRIENT QUANTITY
     • GLUCOSE
       • GLYCOGEN [STORAGE]
       • GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE
       • HIGH LEVEL
         • INSULIN RELEASE
       • LOW LEVEL
         • GLUCAGON RELEASE
           • GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE
           • GLYCEROL
           • FATTY ACIDS
           • AMINO ACIDS
     • IRON
       • STORED - BLOOD EXCESS
         • RELEASED - BLOOD DEFICIT
     • RETINOL
       • STORED - BLOOD EXCESS
     • CALCIFEROL
       • STORED - BLOOD EXCESS
   • PROCESSING NITROGENOUS WASTE
   • MANAGING CIRCULATING LIPIDS
     • CHYLOMICRONS
       • BROKEN DOWN
     • TRIGLYCERIDES
       • VLDLs -> BLOOD PLASMA
   • RECYCLING RBC COMPONENTS
     • OLD ERYTHROCYTES
       • B KUPFFER CELLS
         • MACROPHAGES
         • HEMOGLOBIN --> GLOBIN + HEME
           • GLOBIN AMINO ACID - REC.
           • HEME --> IRON AND BILLIRUBIN
             • BILLIRUBIN TO BLOOD
               • FROM PROTEIN BREAKDOWN
                 • MYOGLOBIN
                 • CYTOCHROME
               • + GLUCARONIC ACID = SOLUBLE
                 • CANALICULI
                   • WATER
                   • ELECTROLYTES
                   • BICARBONATE
                   • CHOLESTEROL
                     • BY HEPATOCYTES
                       • RER
                         • PROTEINS
                           • ALBUMIN
                             • TRANSPORT
                           • FIBRINOGEN
                             • CLOTTING
                     • ABSORBED FROM FOOD
                       • EXCESS SATURATED FATS
                         • INCREASE
                     • SYNTHESIS
                       • D
                       • STEROID HORMONES
                     • HELPS BILE PRODUCTION
                   • PHOSPHOLIPIDS
                   • SALTS
                   • BILE
                     • EXPELLED FROM GB
                       • AFTER MEALS
                       • DUODENUM
                         • DIGESTING FATTY COMPOUNDS
               • BUILD-UP IN BLOOD
             • IRON --+ TRANSFERRIN
               • LIVER + SPLEEN [STORAGE]
                 • RECYCLING RBC COMPONENTS
               • IN RBC
                 • BONE MARROW
                 • TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS
                   • IRON TO HEME
                   • IRON TO FERRITIN
     • BREAKING DOWN
   • DETOXIFICATION
     • TO LESS TOXIC
       • AMMONIA TO UREA
     • FOREIGN
       • DRUGS
       • POISONS