Human Nervous System

Human Nervous System

1. CNS

   • Brain
     • Brain Stem
       • 3 key structures
         • Mid Brain
           • Smallest portion that is between pons & diencephalon
           • Includes
             • Substantia nigra - involved with muscle tone and regulates basal ganglia activity
             • Red nucleus - relays cerebellar output – motor cortex/SC
             • Oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) cranial nerve nucle
         • Pons
           • Located between medulla & midbrain
           • contains nuclei that regulate breathing and heart rate
           • important for speech/swallowing motor control- ascending & descending nerve tracts & nuclei of cranial nerves, control phonation, articulation & swallowing
         • Medulla Oblongata
       • Functions: 1. connects brain and spinal cord. 2. Contains important reflex centres 3.Contains important nuclei of cranial nerves III - XII
     • Cerebellum
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     • Telencephlon
       • Cerebral Hemisphere
         • Lobes of the Brain
           • Frontal Lobe
             • The temporal lobe is the largest lobe
             • includes
               • BROCA'S AREA
                 • Speech production
               • Primary Motor Area
           • Parietal Lobe
             • Includes Primary Somatosensory Area (Somatosensory Homonculous) - Mid section of brain that has different parts that it is responsible for. Leg,Trunk,Arm,Face.
           • Occipital Lobe
             • The Occipital Lobe is the smallest lobe. Includes Primary Visual Area.
           • Temporal Lobe
             • Includes:.
               • WERNICKE'S AREA.
                 • Comprehension of language
               • Primary Auditory Area
       • Basal Ganglia
         • The role of the Basal Ganglia is to suppress or regulate motor activity.
         • Includes:
           • Caudate (tail)nucleus
           • Putamen (peach stone)
           • Globus Pallidus (Pale Globe)
         • TERMINOLOGY: Striatum- caudate nucleus & Putamen. Lentiform Nucleus- Putamen and global Pallidus. Corpus Striatum- caudate nucleus & lentiform nucleus
       • Limbic System
         • Includes
           • Cingulate gyrus
           • hippocampus (critical role in memory & new learning)
           • Amygdala (Role in emotions)
         • Has a role in regulating emotion, motivation and learning/memory.
     • Diencephalon
       • Thalamus
         • Most sensory info arrives here first before going to cortex. It then relays info to other brain area (acts as a filter)
         • Includes:
           • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Visual info)
           • Medial Geniculate Nucleus (Auditory info)
       • Hippocampus
         • Regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, emotional behaviour, hormonal secretions & sexual responses
   • Spinal Cord

2. PNS

   • Somatic Nervous System
     • Cranial Nerves
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