AP Bio Unit 3: Cells

AP Bio Unit 3: Cells

1. prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell structures

   • what types of cells are eukaryotic and which are prokaryotic?
     • prokaryotic: bacteria
     • eukaryotic: everything else
   • both: genetic material
   • prokaryotic
   • eukaryotic

2. why are cells so small?

   • SA/V
     • more surface area means more contact with outside:
       • material can travel through the same "amount of cell" more easily (so no cell death)
   • LAD

3. function/structure of each organelle

   • how do RER, Golgi apparatus and cell membrane work to create proteins for secretion or to be used in other organelles?
   • How do the products of bound vs. free ribosomes differ?
   • 1. cytoskeleton
     • like a bridge, holds up the cell and its organelles...
     • microtubuloes
       • the large ones??
     • microfilaments
   • 2. endomembrane system
   • 3.

4. Autogenous and Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

   • something abt cell origin story....

5. plant vs animal cells

   • mitochondria and chloroplasts**
     • circular DNA
     • reproduction by binary fission
     • generate ATP
     • small ribosomes
     • double membrane

6. ...

   • gap junctions
   • plasmodesmata
   • tight junctions
   • desosomes

7. structure of phospholipid bilayer

   • what factors affect the permeability of a phospholipid bilayer?

8. role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes

9. transport across a cell membrane

   • what can pass through a cell membrane?
     • small, chargless compounds
   • contransport
   • exocytosis
     • endocytosis
   • passive transport
     • diffusion
       • osmosis
         • diffusion of water
     • facilitated diffusion
   • active transport
     • ex: pumps

10. types of solutions

    • isotonic
      • plant cell reaction
      • animal cell reaction
      • protist reaction
    • hypertonic
      • plant cell reaction
      • animal cell reaction
      • protist reaction
    • hypotonic
      • plant cell reaction
      • animal cell reaction
      • protist reaction

11. G-protein receptors

    • gated ion channel receptors.

12. signal cascades

    • occur for protein based receptors
    • phosphorylation cascades

13. epinephrine pathway

14. evolution of cell signaling

15. quorum sensing

    • how bacteria communicate
      • they are actually a multii-cellular organism

16. cell signaling

    • types of signals
      • protein based
        • hydrophilic: cannot pass through lipid bylayer
          • so bind through 
          • bind to transmembrane receptors
      • lipid based