Atoms

Atoms

1. The atom itself

   • The Nucleus
     • its in the middle of the atom, containing protons and neutrons.
     • The nucleus has an overall positive change and almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, but it is tiny compared to the whole atom
       • Neutral have no charge overall, as the positively charged protons are cancelled out by the negatively charged electrons
       • The no of protons = the no of electron. The no of neutrons isn't fixed but about the same no of protons
   • The Electron
     • They move around the nucleus, and have a negative charge.
     • They're tiny compared to the nucleus, but as they move around they cover a lot of space
     • The size of their orbit determines how big the atom is. They have virtually no mass and occupy shells (energy levels) around the nucleus
       • Electron shell rules
         • electrons always occupy shells, with the lowest energy levels are always filled first (the ones closest to the nucleus)
         • Only a certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell, 1st = 2, 2nd, 3rd, 4th etc = 8
         • Atoms are much "happier" when they have full electron shells, but with most their outer shells aren't full, which makes the atom want to react
   • Protons are Heavy and positively charged. Electrons are tiny and negatively charged, Neutrons are heavy and neutral ( no charge)

2. Atomic bonding

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