8. 20th Century Medicine

8. 20th Century Medicine

1. Who treated illness?

   • Doctors
   • Surgeons
   • Hospital
   • NHS

2. What did they think caused diseases?

   • Germs
   • Hygiene problem

3. Treatment/Prevention

   • Vaccinations
   • Aseptic surgery
   • X-Rays
   • Blood Transfusion
   • New drugs - Antibodies

4. Key ideas

   • Antibodies to treat infections
   • Other new drugs to target disease
   • World War One
     • Experiment on new techniques on wounded
     • X-Ray used frequently to locate bullets/sharapnel
     • Blood transfusions were used effectively
     • Homes for heroes
       • Good housing for when they return
   • World War Two
     • Blood transfusions improved
     • Rationing improved diets
     • Penicillin was developed
     • Introduction of NHS
   • The NHS
     • 1911 National Insurance Scheme introduce for those that worked
     • The Beveridge Report by William Beveridge Suggest FREE healthcare service
     • 1930s people struggled to pay
     • 1946 NHS introduce providing FREE healthcare for everyone
     • Aneurin Bevan (Health Minister) introduce the NHS

5. Example of change

   • New drugs:
     • Penicillin
     • Magic Bullet
   • X-Ray and Blood transfusions
   • Free Healthcare (NHS)
   • Better Understanding of what causes disease
   • Contraception
   • Women Doctors and surgeons

6. Example of continuity

   • Antiseptic and anaesthetics

7. Key figures

   • Alexander Fleming
     • Penicillin was the first antibiotic
     • Discovered Penicillin by chance/accident
   • Florey and Chain
     • The drug was used to save lives in WW2
     • Couldn’t grow enough to test until 1941
     • Develop Penicillin during WW2
     • British and American government gave money to develop the drug
   • William Beveridge
     • Published the Beveridge report in 1942
     • Highlighting poor condition that people were living in
     • Published the Beveridge report in 1942
   • Aneurin Bevan
     • A Labour Health Minister
     • Some doctors opposed the NHS to start with as they lost money from private patients
       • Didn’t like being told what to
     • Introduce NHS (1946) due to the Beveridge report
   • Ehrlich
     • Found a magic bullet – Salvarson 606 to treat syphilis
     • The magic bullet is a chemical that kill the disease without harming the patient
     • This was a new cure to treat people with