Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system

1. KEY TERMS

   • CARDIAC OUTPUT = the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
   • HEART RATE = the number of times the heart beats per minute
   • STROKE VOLUME = the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
   • CARDIAC OUTPUT = STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE

2. SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

   • Heart beats stronger and faster
     • because the working muscles immediately need more oxygen/blood to give them energy
   • Blood pressure increases

3. LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

   • Stroke volume increases
   • cardiac output increases
   • Resting heart rate decreases
   • Heart size increases
   • Recovery rate is quicker
   • Lowers normal resting blood pressure
   • Reduced risk of coronary heart disease as veins, arteries and blood vessels are healthier

4. EFFECTS OF REST

   • Allows the heart to increase in size and the number of capilleries

5. EFFECTS OF DIET

   • A healthy diet can reduce bad cholesterol (LDL) level therefore reducing normal blood pressure

6. EFFECTS OF DRUGS

   • Smoking increase heart rate and blood pressure
     • Alcohol also increases blood pressure