Biology

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Energy in chemical reactions

-Endergonic reaction

-Energetic reaction

-Catalyzed reaction

[Many biological process are catalyzed by Enzymes]

-Active site | Reactant

How enzymes work?

Substrate(s) bind active site of the enzyme

Substrate(s) and enzyme form the E5 complex

Microenvironment in AS catalyzes the reaction ad. Product is formed

Substrate is transform to the active site (AS)

Catalytic pathways

The product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction until a final product is made.

The series of reactions is called a biochemical pathway.

Environmental conditions affect enzymes activity

Enzymes function within an optimum temperature range

Enzymes function within an optimal pH range.

Enzyme’s activity need to be regulated

Competitive inhibitor interferes with active site (as) of enzyme so substrate cannot bind.

-Feedback inhibition

-Competitive inhibition

-Noncompetitive inhibition

Allosteric regulation

-The acitivy of some enzymes is regulated in a site different than AS

-Repressor or activator blind and change the shape of the enzyme

-Some enzyme are allosterically repressed or activated

Cell energy ATP