Practice Test 1 Multiple Choice

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Section 1: Cell Theory and History

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

A) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

B) All cells have a nucleus.

C) The cell is the basic unit of life.

D) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek contributed to cell theory by

A) identifying that all cells contain DNA.

B) improving microscope lenses to observe microorganisms.

C) developing the concept of cell specialization.

D) proving that all cells arise from other cells.

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Nucleus

B) Mitochondria

C) Ribosome

D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Section 2: Cell Types and Domains

In which Domain would you classify prokaryotic cells?

A) Eukarya

B) Protista

C) Archaea

D) Fungi

Which is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells have them.

B) Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, and eukaryotic cells do not.

C) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

D) Eukaryotic cells have DNA, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Which type of cell is most likely to have a nucleoid region?

A) Plant cell

B) Animal cell

C) Prokaryotic cell

D) Eukaryotic cell

Section 3: Organelles and Cell Structure

The main function of the mitochondria is to

A) produce proteins.

B) store genetic material.

C) generate ATP (energy) for the cell.

D) synthesize lipids.

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping proteins?

A) Nucleus

B) Golgi apparatus

C) Lysosome

D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that both

A) are found in animal cells.

B) contain their own DNA.

C) store nutrients.

D) are part of the endomembrane system.

Which part of the cell contains enzymes to break down waste materials?

A) Ribosome

B) Lysosome

C) Smooth ER

D) Golgi apparatus

Section 4: Cell Membranes and Transport

The cell membrane is primarily composed of

A) nucleic acids.

B) cellulose.

C) phospholipids and proteins.

D) chitin and sugars.

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

A) To provide structural support to the cell

B) To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell

C) To store genetic material

D) To synthesize proteins

What feature of the cell membrane allows it to be selectively permeable?

A) Its phospholipid bilayer structure

B) The presence of cellulose

C) The rigid cell wall surrounding it

D) Its large size

Section 5: Endosymbiotic Theory and Viruses

The Endosymbiotic Theory explains the origin of which organelles?

A) Ribosomes and lysosomes

B) Golgi apparatus and rough ER

C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts

D) Nucleus and smooth ER

Which of the following is NOT a reason why viruses are considered non-living?

A) They do not perform cellular respiration.

B) They lack a cellular structure.

C) They require a host cell to reproduce.

D) They contain RNA or DNA.

Section 6: Microscopy

What is the main purpose of the compound light microscope?

A) To view large, opaque specimens

B) To view highly magnified, high-resolution images of cell structures

C) To view cells in 3D

D) To measure the mass of cells

Which part of the microscope is responsible for adjusting the amount of light passing through the specimen?

A) Eyepiece

B) Objective lens

C) Diaphragm

D) Coarse adjustment knob

Magnification is defined as

A) the ability to distinguish between two points.

B) the amount of detail visible in an image.

C) enlarging an object to appear larger than its actual size.

D) the maximum field of view.

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Answer Key

B - All cells have a nucleus.

B - Improving microscope lenses to observe microorganisms.

C - Ribosome.

C - Archaea.

C - Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

C - Prokaryotic cell.

C - Generate ATP (energy) for the cell.

B - Golgi apparatus.

B - Contain their own DNA.

B - Lysosome.

C - Phospholipids and proteins.

B - To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

A - Its phospholipid bilayer structure.

C - Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

D - They contain RNA or DNA.

B - To view highly magnified, high-resolution images of cell structures.

C - Diaphragm.

C - Enlarging an object to appear larger than its actual size.