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chronic adaptations

aerobic training:

cardiovascular

respiratory

muscular

anaerobic training:

cardiovascular

muscular

the purpose of training is to improve performance

chronic adaptations are long term changes that occur with training

in order for chronic adaptations to occur training programs need to be tailored to specific demands of the activity and the goals of the athlete

as the purpose of training is to improve performance, it is to look at how these chronic adaptations lead to an improvement in performance.

copy figure 11.1 into notes

chronic adaptations as a result of aerobic training

training improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy system proving more energy to the working muscles and for the removal of waste products

this improved efficiency is a result of a number of factors that increase the ability of the body to take up, transport and use more oxygen to provide theenrgy required for endurance-type activties

cardiovascular adaptations:

chronic adaptations are those which occur to the structure and the function of the heart, blood vessels and the blood

the heart:

during training the hearts left ventricle will increase in size. this is also referred to as hypertrophy of the heart muscle. having a larger left ventricle means that the athlete would be able to pump out more blood to the working muscles (cardiac output). wih aerobic training the heart rate would decrease during rest

if cardiac output is unchanged but heart rate decreases, there must b an increase in stroke volume. this increase can be attributed to:

increased left ventricle

reduced cardiac and arterial stiffness

increased diastolic filling time

increased cardiac contractility

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