Vomiting

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There are 4 sources that cause vomiting:

1)the cortex

2)chemoreceptor trigger zone(CTZ)

3)vagal+ sympatric afferents(stomach)

4)vestibular nuclei

Cortex:raised intracranial pressure, pain, fear, anxiety, discomfort

CTZ: emetogenic agents and conditions:

1)drugs, especially opioids

2) increase in ca2+

3)decrease in Na+

4)uraemia

5)any inflammatory illness e.g. sepsis, malignancy

stomach(v+s a): GI lesion

1)mucosal lesion.g inflammation, ulcer

2) hiatus Hernia

3)obstruction

4) infection

Vertibular nuclei: motion

FACTS