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Punk Music Characteristics: Instruments, Chords and Tempo

Katie King 5 questions

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  1. 1Punk:

    Instrumental:
    Bass
    Electric Guitars (1-2) - aggressive/[blank_start]distorted[blank_end] tone (overdrive)
    [blank_start]Acoustic[blank_end] Drum Kit
    Angry Delivery of [blank_start]Vocals[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Backing[blank_end] Vocals usually shouting

    Musical/Performance Characteristics:
    Use of [blank_start]power[blank_end] chords (omit the 3rd) (neither major nor minor mostly)
    Simple [blank_start]chord[blank_end] progressions (3-4 chords)
    Non complex [blank_start]melodies[blank_end]
    quaver [blank_start]strumming[blank_end] patterns played with [blank_start]downstrokes[blank_end] - locks with hi hat/ride rhythm, [blank_start]kick[blank_end] beats 1+3 and [blank_start]snare[blank_end] on 2+4
    [blank_start]Crash[blank_end] accents chord changes
    I/IV/V chord pattern, syncopated changes
    Solo usually consists of a [blank_start]sustained[blank_end] note - if any
    Key change - simple ([blank_start]tone[blank_end]) - used by Ramones
    [blank_start]4/4[blank_end] time signature
    Bass follows [blank_start]root[blank_end] notes mostly - plucked
    Angry/Rebellious/[blank_start]Political[blank_end] Themes
    [blank_start]Simple[blank_end] structure - songs usually short
    [blank_start]Fast[blank_end] tempos ([blank_start]160[blank_end]/170 BPM)
    [blank_start]Palm[blank_end] muting
    Vocals shouted - like speaking - charismatic - screamed in places
    [blank_start]Short[blank_end] songs (opposite of Prog)


    Associated Culture:
    Rebellion against [blank_start]political[blank_end] government based decision - demotivated youth
    Violent/Anarchy - hating authority - police/capitalism/government - key theme in punk songs - unemployment and [blank_start]economy[blank_end] issues - bleak future prospects for working class
    Began in the [blank_start]70s[blank_end] (mid) [blank_start]74[blank_end]-77 is peak time of punk
    Originated in [blank_start]London[blank_end] UK, New York USA too
    [blank_start]Disco[blank_end] and [blank_start]Prog Rock[blank_end] - punk reacted against these genres - felt it didn’t represent them or speak to them
    Outrageous characters ie [blank_start]Jonny Rotten[blank_end]
    Mohawks and studded jackets, docs, coloured hair, leather, tarten, chains, safety pins, ripped jeans, messy hair, sewn patches - wanted to stand out, didn’t feel fit in
    Piercings
    [blank_start]Pogo[blank_end] dance, Early moshing
    [blank_start]Malcolm Mclaren[blank_end] - Manager of New York Dolls and Sex Pistols - part of image and them becoming a well rehearsed band
    Didn’t need talent - just heart
    [blank_start]Nihilism[blank_end] - stop caring about self (death, alcohol, substance abuse)
    [blank_start]Vivienne Westwood[blank_end] - influential in punk fashion
    [blank_start]CBGB[blank_end] - Famous venue which [blank_start]Ramones[blank_end] and Blondie played at

    Production:
    Loud - turn up [blank_start]guitars[blank_end] when recording
    Compression - make [blank_start]louder[blank_end]
    Use of EQ
    Use of [blank_start]effects[blank_end] is scarce
    Very raw sound - [blank_start]live[blank_end] sound (want to sound like a gig)
    Have a [blank_start]guitar[blank_end] in each ear (double track) or shouting in each ear - [blank_start]panning[blank_end]
    Against Disco - disco had complicated [blank_start]production[blank_end] as did prog rock
    [blank_start]Overdubbing[blank_end] typically used (rhythm guitars and vocals)
    Some delay/some reverb (rare)

    Key Artists:
    The [blank_start]Damned[blank_end]
    The Stooges
    New [blank_start]York Dolls[blank_end]
    Velvet [blank_start]Underground[blank_end]

    1. Adistorted
    2. BAcoustic
    3. CVocals
    4. DBacking
    5. Epower
    6. Fchord
    7. Gmelodies
    8. Hstrumming
    9. Idownstrokes
    10. Jkick
    11. Ksnare
    12. LCrash
    13. Msustained
    14. Ntone
    15. O4/4
    16. Proot
    17. QPolitical
    18. RSimple
    19. S160
    20. TFast
    21. UPalm
    22. VShort
    23. Wpolitical
    24. Xeconomy
    25. Y74
    26. Z70s
    27. AALondon
    28. ABDisco
    29. ACProg Rock
    30. ADJonny Rotten
    31. AEPogo
    32. AFMalcolm Mclaren
    33. AGNihilism
    34. AHVivienne Westwood
    35. AICBGB
    36. AJRamones
    37. AKguitars
    38. ALlouder
    39. AMeffects
    40. ANlive
    41. AOpanning
    42. APguitar
    43. AQproduction
    44. AROverdubbing
    45. ASDamned
    46. ATYork Dolls
    47. AUUnderground
  2. 2The Clash


    Key albums:
    The Clash
    Release date: 8 [blank_start]April[blank_end] 19[blank_start]77[blank_end], 26 July 1977 (US)
    Label: [blank_start]Sony[blank_end] Music/[blank_start]Columbia[blank_end]; Epic



    Give Em Enough Rope
    Release date: 10 November 19[blank_start]78[blank_end]
    Label: Sony Music/Columbia; Epic




    London Calling
    Release date: [blank_start]14 December 1979[blank_end]
    Label: Sony Music/Columbia; Epic




    [blank_start]Sandinista![blank_end]
    Release date: 12 December 19[blank_start]80[blank_end]
    Label: Sony Music/Columbia; Epic




    Combat Rock
    Release date: 14 May 1982
    Label: Sony Music (SME)/Columbia; Epic
    - Key songs including dates
    London Calling - [blank_start]December 14th 1979[blank_end]
    Career Opportunities 1977
    Should I stay or Should I Go? - [blank_start]1982[blank_end]
    Lost in the Supermarket - 1979
    White Riot - 1977
    Clamp Down - 1979
    The Guns of Brixton - [blank_start]1979[blank_end]
    Train in Vain - [blank_start]1979[blank_end]
    I fought the Law - [blank_start]1977[blank_end]

    Key Instrumental features of that band/artist
    Use of [blank_start]handclaps[blank_end] for percussion
    [blank_start]Distorted[blank_end] guitar
    Bass with more complex than usual lines - fat sounding
    [blank_start]Acoustic[blank_end] Drum Kit
    Synth in later years ([blank_start]Cut the Crap[blank_end] Album)
    [blank_start]Harmonica[blank_end] at times (experimented with non punk instruments)

    Key Musical features heard in the band/artist's’ work
    More advanced [blank_start]chords[blank_end] used - eg Major and Minor in Should I Stay or Should I go and London Calling
    Bassline is central to some songs - doesn’t just follow the [blank_start]root[blank_end]
    Use of [blank_start]backing vocals[blank_end] to emphasise lyrics
    Lead singer growls and speaks in his delivery - howl/scream in [blank_start]London Calling[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Hammer on[blank_end] the 5th in power chords
    Use of [blank_start]varied tempos[blank_end] - not just fast ie London Calling
    More mellow sound - Lost in the Supermarket
    Use of [blank_start]syncopation[blank_end] in chord changes or with power chords
    Mostly 4/4 rhythms
    Full chord (minor in LC) on [blank_start]off beats[blank_end] (crotchet rhythm) - syncopation

    Key Studio Production features heard in the artists’/bands’ work
    [blank_start]Reverb[blank_end] in places - Lost in the Supermarket/[blank_start]Train in Vain[blank_end] Guitar
    Overall loud - through [blank_start]compression[blank_end] and EQ
    Overdubbing [blank_start]backing vocals[blank_end] (London Calling) and rhythm guitar (Brand new Cadillac)
    Drums and Guitar high in the mix
    Bass high in the mix of [blank_start]London Calling[blank_end]
    Clean guitar with reverb in [blank_start]Train in Vain[blank_end]


    Career development
    The Clash was formed in [blank_start]1976[blank_end] (at the time with drummer Terry Chimes) and released their self-titled debut album in [blank_start]1977[blank_end]. Songs such as "White Riot" combined the energy of hard rock with angry social consciousness, and the album became a favorite of the critics. With a sturdy following in the U.K., The Clash toured the United States in the late '70s and released their 2-LP setLondon Calling ([blank_start]1979[blank_end]), now considered by many to be their best (it included "Train in Vain (Stand by Me)," a hidden track that reached the top of the U.S. charts). The triple-album Sandinista (1980) proved The Clash still had a bone to pick with corruption and injustice, and revealed a variety of musical influences that included ska, dub and reggae.

    Influence on the genre
    Used non punk instruments such as harmonica and synth later on, brass in [blank_start]1979 Jimmy Jazz[blank_end]
    More complex than other punk bands - use of major minor chords, more melodic ie [blank_start]Lost in the Supermarket[blank_end]
    Vocal performance - shouting and speaking
    Lyrical content was [blank_start]political[blank_end] (London Calling) which influenced fans
    Some songs more mellow - showed that punk didn't have to be harsh all the time - ie used clean guitars and reverb on Train in Vain
    More melodic - riffs consisting of single notes ie [blank_start]Brand New Cadillac[blank_end] not just power chords unlike other bands
    Bluesy influence - [blank_start]walking[blank_end] bassline with blues notes (Jimmy Jazz) or use of 1[blank_start]2 bar blues[blank_end] and blues based riff with slower tempo (Brand New Cadillac)

    General:
    Original Line Up:
    [blank_start]Joe Strummer[blank_end] – lead vocals, guitar
    Paul Simonon – bass guitar, backing vocals
    [blank_start]Mick Jones[blank_end] – lead guitar, vocals
    Topper Headon – drums, percussion
    Manager: Bernerd Rhodes
    Record Label: Sony (Epic)

    1. A77
    2. BApril
    3. CSony
    4. DColumbia
    5. E78
    6. F14 December 1979
    7. GSandinista!
    8. H80
    9. IDecember 14th 1979
    10. J1982
    11. K1979
    12. L1977
    13. M1979
    14. Nhandclaps
    15. ODistorted
    16. PAcoustic
    17. QCut the Crap
    18. RHarmonica
    19. Schords
    20. Troot
    21. Ubacking vocals
    22. VLondon Calling
    23. WHammer on
    24. Xvaried tempos
    25. Ysyncopation
    26. Zoff beats
    27. AAReverb
    28. ABTrain in Vain
    29. ACcompression
    30. ADbacking vocals
    31. AETrain in Vain
    32. AFLondon Calling
    33. AG1976
    34. AH1977
    35. AI1979
    36. AJ1979 Jimmy Jazz
    37. AKLost in the Supermarket
    38. ALpolitical
    39. AMBrand New Cadillac
    40. ANwalking
    41. AO2 bar blues
    42. APJoe Strummer
    43. AQMick Jones
  3. 3The Sex Pistols
    Key Albums:

    Never Mind the Bollocks Here’s the Sex Pistols
    [blank_start]28th October 1977[blank_end]
    Released by: [blank_start]Virgin[blank_end] Records
    Recorded at [blank_start]Wessex Sound Studios[blank_end]
    Producer: [blank_start]Chris Thomas[blank_end]

    Key Songs:
    Pretty Vacant
    God Save the Queen [blank_start]27th May 1977[blank_end]
    Anarchy in the UK
    Problems
    Bodies
    Liar

    Key Instrumental Features:
    Electric Guitar - extremely loud and [blank_start]distorted[blank_end]
    Electric Bass - [blank_start]loud[blank_end] in the mix, usually follows [blank_start]root[blank_end] notes, some passing notes
    Acoustic Drum Kit - [blank_start]straight[blank_end] rhythms, 4/4 time signature, [blank_start]crash[blank_end] emphasises chord change
    Vocals - shouted/screamed delivery with little annunciation, lyrics like alternative poetry about being working class/young and oppressed/everyday issues/politics

    Key Musical Features:
    Almost exclusively [blank_start]power chord[blank_end] use
    Guitar techniques - unison bends, slides, hammer ons and pull offs
    [blank_start]Straight[blank_end] rhythms, [blank_start]crash[blank_end] on chord changes for emphasis, use of [blank_start]quaver[blank_end] rhythms extensive - simple rhythmic features to defy prog rock
    4/4 time signatures to defy [blank_start]prog rock[blank_end]
    Lyrics are based on anarchy, government, everyday issues of the youth and the working class ie abortion and the monarchy
    Sometimes uses [blank_start]octaves[blank_end]
    Bass follows [blank_start]root[blank_end] notes
    Shouted/Screamed delivery with vocables which were more like noise than words - extremely [blank_start]slurred[blank_end] to sound aggressive

    Studio Production Features:
    [blank_start]Raw[blank_end] sound, supposed to sound like a live gig
    Not very polished - [blank_start]levels[blank_end] are strange and mix isn’t polished
    Discrepancies such as [blank_start]wrong[blank_end] notes when transitioning chords left in for raw feel
    Guitars very [blank_start]high[blank_end] in the mix
    Little use of effects - anti [blank_start]disco[blank_end]

    Career Development:
    The Sex Pistols formed in London, England in [blank_start]1975[blank_end]. The Band originally consisted of Johnny Rotten (vocals), Steve Jones (Guitar), Glen Matlock (bass) and [blank_start]Paul Cook[blank_end] (drums). However Glen Matlock was replaced with Sid Vicious.
    On 10 March 1977, at a press ceremony held outside Buckingham Palace, the Sex Pistols publicly signed to [blank_start]A&M[blank_end] Records. Were fired from 2 record labels and swore on live [blank_start]television[blank_end] - controversial and anti capitalism.
    Band broke up due to [blank_start]heroin[blank_end] addictions (which killed bassist Sid Vicious) and had a final american tour before finishing.

    Influence on Genre:
    Controversy as an aid - album with a title with the word ‘bollocks’ in it was controversial so much so that record stores refused to carry the album and record charts used a blank space - this appealed to youths as it fought the system and was individual and fighting against capitalism and authority which were the main ethos of punk.
    Introduced [blank_start]anarchy[blank_end] - the Pistols were one of the first punk bands to really speak the truth regarding the government and politics which appealed to [blank_start]young[blank_end] people, branding themselves anti authority and establishment with songs like Anarchy in the UK and God save the queen
    Image - with the help of [blank_start]Malcom Mclaren[blank_end] the Sex Pistols introduced safety pins, wacky hair and other fashion statements associated with punk. Johnny Rotten wore knitted sweaters one day and leather the next, dyed his hair to upset the label and generally dressed to shock and offend - this inspired fans to do the same and rebel through clothing
    Character - Johnny Rotten himself was known for swearing on television, insulting interviewers and generally being a bit mad. He was extremely opinionated and rude (spitting and snotting) but kids latched onto this as it defied authority. His words were harsh but there were some truths being said (such as Lydon revealing Jimmy Saville’s crimes in an unbroadcasted interview) which appealed to teenagers. His crazy eyes and broad personality were essential to him being one of the most intriguing front men of all time.
    Raw - Their sound was raw, unpolished and like that of a live show. They spent little on [blank_start]production[blank_end] and had loud and distorted guitars. The music was shocking much like the fashion and it’s simplicity made it [blank_start]catchy[blank_end] and memorable - a common feature that would resound in punk for years to come
    1. A27th May 1977
    2. B28th October 1977
    3. CVirgin
    4. DWessex Sound Studios
    5. EChris Thomas
    6. Fdistorted
    7. Gloud
    8. Hroot
    9. Istraight
    10. Jcrash
    11. Kpower chord
    12. LStraight
    13. Mcrash
    14. Nquaver
    15. Oprog rock
    16. Poctaves
    17. Qroot
    18. Rslurred
    19. SRaw
    20. Tlevels
    21. Uwrong
    22. Vhigh
    23. Wdisco
    24. X1975
    25. YPaul Cook
    26. ZA&M
    27. AAtelevision
    28. ABheroin
    29. ACanarchy
    30. ADyoung
    31. AEMalcom Mclaren
    32. AFcatchy
    33. AGproduction
  4. 4The Ramones

    Key Albums:

    The Ramones
    Label: [blank_start]Sire[blank_end]
    Date: [blank_start]April 23rd 1976[blank_end]


    [blank_start]Leave Home[blank_end]
    Label: Sire
    Date: January 10th [blank_start]1977[blank_end]





    [blank_start]Rocket to Russia[blank_end]
    Label: Sire
    November 4th [blank_start]1977[blank_end]







    Road to Ruin
    Labels: Sire
    September 22nd 1978




    Key Songs:
    The KKK Took my Baby Away
    Judy was a Punk
    Blitzkrieg Bop
    I wanna Be Sedated
    My Brain is Hanging Upside Down
    Sheena is a Punk Rocker

    Key Instrumental Features:
    Electric Lead Guitar
    Electric Rhythm Guitar - distorted
    Acoustic Drum Kit - played loudly
    Singer - emphasis on accent, nasal sound, aggressive shouts (mostly in chorus)

    Key Musical Features:
    Use of power chords
    Palm [blank_start]muting[blank_end]
    Simplistic melodies
    Solos consisting of [blank_start]one[blank_end] note - against disco and [blank_start]prog rock[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Key[blank_end] change for added interest but not complicated
    Use of [blank_start]backing vocals[blank_end] to emphasise important phrases
    [blank_start]Quaver[blank_end] rhythms
    Bass line plays the [blank_start]tonic[blank_end] of the chords of the guitars - omit the 3rd also
    Drums played aggressively - [blank_start]crash[blank_end] cymbals played on chord changes to accent

    Key Production Features:
    Basic mix with [blank_start]guitars[blank_end] louder than drums - sound [blank_start]double tracked[blank_end] on many songs for emphasis on guitar
    [blank_start]Overdrive[blank_end] created by turning amp up very loud
    Raw sound - like a [blank_start]live[blank_end] sound, not overly polished like disco
    [blank_start]Produced[blank_end] cheaply - Ramones cost [blank_start]$6,400[blank_end] to make, instruments took 3 days and vocal parts took 4 - very rushed and quick
    Use of [blank_start]overdubbing[blank_end], vocal line doubled, use of percussion effects, microphone placement similar to that of an [blank_start]orchestra[blank_end] on The Ramones

    Career Development:
    [blank_start]New York[blank_end] based, one of the first punk bands to emerge. Didn’t have incredible album sales at the time but were well received in New York by punks and toured practically non stop for [blank_start]22[blank_end] years. Had a large influence on the live aspect of punk.

    Influence on Genre:
    [blank_start]Cheap[blank_end] production and raw recording showed young people that you didn’t need a lot of money to become a professional musician
    [blank_start]Simple[blank_end] style and mockery of complexity showed people that music didn’t have to be extensive and complicated to be well received and enjoyed
    Influenced whole punk genre (especially in USA) with [blank_start]leather[blank_end] jackets, jeans and attitudes - before the [blank_start]sex pistols.[blank_end]
    Lyrically based on Punk lifestyle, [blank_start]drugs[blank_end] and going against the norm - not as political as sex pistols but equally tailored to [blank_start]youth[blank_end]s of America

    Members:
    [blank_start]Johnny[blank_end] Ramone
    Joey Ramone
    [blank_start]Dee Dee[blank_end] Ramone
    [blank_start]Tommy[blank_end] Ramone
    1. ASire
    2. BApril 23rd 1976
    3. CRocket to Russia
    4. DLeave Home
    5. E1977
    6. F1977
    7. Gmuting
    8. Hone
    9. Iprog rock
    10. JKey
    11. Kbacking vocals
    12. LQuaver
    13. Mtonic
    14. Ncrash
    15. Oguitars
    16. Pdouble tracked
    17. QOverdrive
    18. Rlive
    19. S$6,400
    20. TProduced
    21. Uoverdubbing
    22. Vorchestra
    23. WNew York
    24. X22
    25. YCheap
    26. ZSimple
    27. AAleather
    28. ABsex pistols.
    29. ACyouth
    30. ADdrugs
    31. AEDee Dee
    32. AFTommy
    33. AGJohnny
  5. 5NEW WAVE
    Associated Culture:
    [blank_start]Image[blank_end] became more important for music
    [blank_start]French[blank_end] Cinema - influenced art forms/ New Wave
    Was a combination of [blank_start]pop[blank_end] and punk (takes influences from [blank_start]synth[blank_end] pop)
    Some bands born of a mod (60s) band revival ie the [blank_start]Jam[blank_end]
    Term new wave used to replace punk so bands could sell records in the [blank_start]UK[blank_end] - distance self from punk - more [blank_start]commercial[blank_end] and accessible - less [blank_start]political[blank_end] association
    Like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement (after whom the genre was named), its new artists were anti-corporate and [blank_start]experimental[blank_end]
    Videos and lyrics somewhat artistic and experimental with image - heavy make up, ambiguous videos and strange lyrics ie [blank_start]Siouxsie and the Banshees[blank_end]

    Instrumental Characteristics
    Electric Guitars (with distortion/overdrive)
    Acoustic drum kit
    Electric Bass guitar
    [blank_start]Synthesisers[blank_end] - swells and melodies

    Musical Characteristics:
    [blank_start]Verse[blank_end] Chorus form mostly
    Minor tonic chord/triad played on off beats -Call Me
    [blank_start]Power[blank_end] chords used
    Use of catchy melodies and recurring riffs and motifs ie Hong Kong Garden intro
    Use of full [blank_start]major[blank_end] and minor chords
    [blank_start]Arpeggios[blank_end] usually make up melody - plucking chord and letting individual notes ring out whilst others played


    Performance Characteristics:
    Vocals soft in delivery at times - [blank_start]The Jam[blank_end]
    Emphasis on [blank_start]British[blank_end] accent - singing is like speaking
    Lyrical content diverse - usually negative or speaking of love - in cases speaking of politics (the Jam, perhaps why their US success was limited)
    Powerful driving guitars
    Songwriting became more popular not just lyrics - clever pop songs but no where near prog rock
    Use of Solos in places - solos consisting of more than a sustained note
    Delivery depended on style - range of approaches and ranged amount of influences - some edgy power punk and others reggae some disco influences

    Key Artists/Songs:
    The [blank_start]Buzzcocks[blank_end] - What do I get?
    Elvis Costello - New Lace Sleeves
    [blank_start]The Jam[blank_end] - Eton Rifles, Going Underground
    [blank_start]Adam and the Ants[blank_end] - Antmusic, KIngs of the Wild Frontier
    The B-52s - [blank_start]Love Shack[blank_end]
    [blank_start]Siouxsie and the Banshees[blank_end] - Spellbound, Hong Kong Garden, Happy House
    [blank_start]Ultravox[blank_end] - Dancing With Tears in my Eyes, Hymn, Sleepwalk
    [blank_start]Toyah[blank_end] - It’s a mystery, Thunder in the mountains
    [blank_start]Blondie[blank_end] - Call me, Hanging on the Telephone, One Way or Another

    Production:
    [blank_start]Overdrive[blank_end] effect captured on guitars more subtle - less distorted
    Use of [blank_start]flanger[blank_end] ie Dear Prudence
    [blank_start]Reverb[blank_end] on vocals - spacey feel
    Use of [blank_start]tremolo[blank_end] and modulation
    [blank_start]Phaser[blank_end] on synths at times for swelling drone
    Energetic and unprocessed sound of real musicians
    More polished than [blank_start]punk[blank_end]
    1. AImage
    2. BFrench
    3. Cpop
    4. Dsynth
    5. EJam
    6. FUK
    7. Gcommercial
    8. Hpolitical
    9. Iexperimental
    10. JSiouxsie and the Banshees
    11. KSynthesisers
    12. LVerse
    13. MPower
    14. Nmajor
    15. OArpeggios
    16. PThe Jam
    17. QBritish
    18. RBuzzcocks
    19. SLove Shack
    20. TSiouxsie and the Banshees
    21. UUltravox
    22. VThe Jam
    23. WAdam and the Ants
    24. XToyah
    25. YBlondie
    26. ZOverdrive
    27. AAflanger
    28. ABReverb
    29. ACtremolo
    30. ADPhaser
    31. AEpunk

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Description
A level Music Technology Quiz on Untitled, created by Katie King on 07/05/2016.
Language
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