Quiz
Chapter 11
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Questions in this quiz (116)
1A rule is defined as a:
- Averbal description of a consequence.
- Bverbal description of a contingency.
- Cform of reinforcement.
- Dtype of implementation intention.
2Most people acquire a generalized tendency to follow instructions because:
- Aas children, their parents often reinforced such behavior.
- Bas children, such behavior enabled them to effectively achieve certain outcomes.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNone of these are correct.
3Smiles in others can function as CSs for pleasant emotions in ourselves because:
- Asmiles are often positively reinforced.
- Bsmiles are often negatively reinforced.
- Csmiles are usually associated with pleasurable events.
- Dsmiles are usually associated with distressing events.
4Flavor preferences are related to:
- Athe genotype of an organism.
- Bsocial referencing.
- Cstimulus enhancement.
- DBoth b and c are correct.
5According to the study conducted by Eron and his colleagues, the amount of violent media viewed in childhood is:
- Aweakly correlated with aggressive behavior but uncorrelated with criminal behavior.
- Bsignificantly correlated with aggressive and antisocial behavior, including criminality.
- Cunrelated to the levels of aggression in adulthood.
- Donly related to variables such as social class and education.
6Noticing is to _____ as duplication is to _____.
- Astimulus enhancement; true imitation
- Bvicarious enhancement; true imitation
- Cvicarious imitation; true imitation
- Dvicarious enhancement; vicarious imitation
7Katya tends to follow her older sisters around and imitate their behaviors. She often gets a lot of attention for doing so. Encouraged by this, she tends to imitate any new behavior (like learning dance moves, or playing a new game) that her sisters display, even if nobody notices her. Katya’s behavior illustrates _____.
- Ashaped imitation
- Bmimicry
- Cbehavioral contagion
- Dgeneralized imitation
8In the Bobo doll studies, it was observed that children were _____ likely to replicate the behavior of models if they had observed models’ aggressive behavior being _____.
- Amore; reinforced
- Bmore; punished
- Cless; reinforced
- DBoth a and c are correct.
9Personal process rules are effective in that they:
- Aestablish a bright boundary as to whether or not rules are being followed.
- Bengage the unconscious processes that motivate our behavior of following rules.
- Cincrease our intrinsic interest in a task.
- Dserve to increase the value of an intended reinforcer.
10We are more likely to attend to a model if:
- Awe are reinforced for paying attention.
- Bthe model’s behavior is reinforced.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
11We are more likely to attend to a model:
- Awhom we admire.
- Bwho is dissimilar to us.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
12Observational learning, or social learning, allows us to acquire new behavior patterns:
- Awithout direct exposure to the contingencies that control them.
- Bthrough direct exposure to the contingencies that control them.
- Cthrough exposure to positive but not negative consequences.
- Dthrough exposure to negative but not positive consequences.
13The statement “If you speak clearly, it will be much easier to obtain a job as a receptionist” is an example of a(n) _____.
- Arule
- Binstruction
- Csay–do correspondence
- DBoth a and b are correct.
14A(n) _____ is a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior.
- Abelief
- Bpersonal rule
- Cattitude
- Dnorm
15We gradually learn, mostly through _____, the extent to which it is appropriate to perform certain modeled behaviors.
- Aintuition
- Breinforcement and punishment
- Cclassical conditioning
- Dbehavioral contrast
16In learning how to play tennis, instructions are quite effective for:
- Alearning the rules of the game.
- Bacquiring some of the basic actions.
- Cmodifying your swing to best suit your physical characteristics.
- DBoth a and b are correct.
17We are more likely to attend to a model when the behavior being modeled is:
- Asomething we are capable of understanding and duplicating.
- Bsomething that is beyond our abilities.
- Celicited rather than operant.
- Dadjunctive rather than elicited.
18The statement “I will go to the library and study Chemistry this evening from 7:00 to 9:00” is best described as an example of a(n) _____.
- Aself-reinforcer
- Bpersonal process rule
- Cimplementation intention
- DBoth b and c are correct.
19I feel good when I see someone smile. This pleasurable feeling is:
- Acalled a vicarious emotional response.
- Bat least partly the result of classical conditioning.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
20The statement “If you eat well, you will be healthy” is an example of a(n) _____.
- Ainstruction
- Brule
- Claw
- Dstandard
21Duplicating is to true imitation as _____ is to _____.
- Astimulus enhancement; vicarious enhancement
- Bnoticing; stimulus enhancement
- Cimitative enhancement; vicarious enhancement
- Dstimulus enhancement; true imitation
22A modeled behavior is less likely to be performed if:
- Athe modeled behavior is punished.
- Ban observer is punished for duplicating the modeled behavior.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
23The use of self-promises as a commitment response can be facilitated by:
- Anever failing to carry out such promises.
- Bstating such promises in a distinctive manner.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNone of these are correct.
24A(n) _____ is a(n) _____ that includes an indication of what we should do.
- Arule; instruction
- Binstruction; command
- Cinstruction; rule
- Dcommand; rule
25Byron, who attended a massage workshop, is less skilled at massage than Salima, who has to massage her ill mother daily. This is an instance in which _____ is less efficient than behavior that has been shaped by _____.
- Arule-governed behavior; natural contingencies
- Bcontingency-shaped behavior; rules
- Cpositive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
- Dnegative reinforcement; positive reinforcement
26The ultimate determinant of whether a modeled behavior will be performed by an observer is:
- Athe consequences of the model’s behavior.
- Bthe consequences of the observer’s behavior.
- Cwhether the observer identifies with the model.
- Dwhether the observer likes the model.
27Kent makes a promise to himself to go running each morning. His promise would most likely function as a commitment response if he:
- Ahas low self-esteem.
- Busually displays a strong level of say–do correspondence.
- Cfails to make up his mind to go running.
- Dfinally realizes the importance of exercise.
28Which of the following self-instructions would be the most effective in achieving the desired behavior?
- AI will go swimming tomorrow evening.
- BI will go swimming tomorrow at 7:00 p.m. at Coronation pool.
- CI will go swimming tomorrow at Coronation pool.
- DI will go swimming tomorrow.
29An extremely useful way to teach someone what to do on a new job even before he or she starts on the new job is to use _____.
- Ashaping
- Bnegative reinforcement
- Crules
- DBoth a and b are correct.
30Which of the following steps in acquiring a new throw in judo illustrates contingency-shaped behavior?
- AWatching others who are experts at that throw
- BReceiving instructions about the throw
- CTrying to perform the throw and seeing what happens
- DForming a clear visual image of the throw.
31Say–do correspondence occurs when there is a close match between what we _____ and what we _____.
- Aactually do; later say we are going to do
- Bsay we are going to do; actually do later
- Cactually do; later say that we did
- Dsay that we did; actually did
32The tendency to imitate a new modeled behavior when there is no specific reinforcement for doing so is called _____.
- Atrue imitation
- Bgeneralized imitation
- Cshaped imitation
- Dstimulus enhancement
33Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from Bandura’s Bobo doll studies?
- AChildren who observe an aggressive model are more likely to be generally aggressive.
- BChildren who observe an aggressive model tend to replicate the actual behaviors of the model.
- CChildren are influenced by the consequences that a model experiences while behaving aggressively.
- DAll of these are correct.
34In the Bobo doll studies, it was observed that children were _____ likely to replicate the behavior of a model if they had observed the model’s aggressive behavior being punished. On the other hand, if the children were offered incentives to behave aggressively after witnessing the punishment, then _____.
- Aless; the level of aggression displayed by the children went up
- Bless; the level of aggression displayed by the children remained low
- Cmore; the level of aggression displayed by the children remained high
- Dmore; the level of aggression displayed by the children actually dropped
35When you tell a sexually suggestive joke that you recently heard to your friends, they laugh heartily. When you tell it to your parents, they frown. As a result of _____, you soon learn to tell such jokes only to your friends.
- Aobservational learning
- Bdifferential reinforcement
- Cdifferential observation
- Dthe peak shift effect
36On FI schedules, human subjects often do not show the same pattern of behavior that is typically shown by nonhuman animals. This probably reflects the influence of _____ on human behavior.
- Aculture
- Brules
- Cobservational learning
- Ddisplacement
37A rapid way to establish appropriate patterns of behavior is through the use of _____.
- Ashaping
- Brules
- Cmodeling
- Dpositive reinforcement
38Martin, a convicted murderer, reforms himself after he reads a religious text. In this scenario, Martin’s behavior illustrates _____.
- Arule-governed behavior
- Badjunctive behavior
- Ccontingency-shaped behavior
- Dcontingency-deduced behavior
39In stimulus enhancement, the probability of a behavior is changed because:
- Asomeone else displays the same behavior.
- Ban individual’s attention is drawn to an item or location by the behavior of another individual.
- Cone individual teaches another individual how to respond.
- Dthe stimulus is physically altered by a model.
40Ronaldo always does what he says he is going to do. This implies that he could use his promises:
- Aas a form of commitment response.
- Bas a type of CS.
- Cas a type of US.
- Dto induce various types of adjunctive behaviors.
41After listening to Allison describe how to fix a software glitch, Burton was able to quickly carry it out. Burton’s behavior in this instance most likely illustrates _____.
- Aadjunctive behavior
- Bshaped behavior
- Cmelioration
- Drule-governed behavior
42Which of the following statements is true of rules?
- AThey are excellent for rapidly establishing a new pattern of behavior.
- BThey sometimes act as an impediment to adjusting to changes in the contingencies.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNone of these are correct.
43The extent to which we follow instructions depends largely on:
- Athe models we have been exposed to for learning instructions.
- Bthe consequences we have received for following instructions.
- Chow verbally oriented we are.
- Dour self-esteem.
44It is difficult to assess evidence of both true imitation and teaching among non-human animals because:
- Ait is difficult to determine whether a behavior was modeled or performed with intent.
- Bother species have behaviors that are so dramatically different from humans that we cannot compare them.
- Cmuch of the existing evidence is anecdotal and subject to anthropomorphism.
- DBoth a and c are correct.
45The manner in which Gandhi reacted when he perceived that he had violated an oath suggests that _____ may play a strong role in motivating some individuals to keep their verbal commitments.
- Apositive reinforcement
- Bavoidance of guilty feelings
- Cnegative reinforcement
- DBoth b and c are correct.
46Which of the following statements describes the influence of sex differences on the effects of media violence?
- AMost of the victims of violence in media are male, therefore females do not attend to them.
- BMost of the perpetrators of violence in media are male, therefore females are less likely to perform violent behaviors.
- CFemales are more likely to be victims, rather than perpetrators, in media violence, which may increase the likelihood that females will be victims, rather than perpetrators, of violent acts.
- DBoth b and c are correct.
47Classically conditioned emotional responses that result from seeing those emotional responses exhibited by others are called _____.
- Acathartic responses
- Bvicarious emotional responses
- Ccovert emotional responses
- Dreflexive emotions
48_____ occurs when there is a close match between what we say we are going to do and what we actually do at a later time.
- ASay–do correspondence
- BDo–say correspondence
- CVerbal correspondence
- DVerbal contingency correspondence
49_____ is a more-or- less instinctive or reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual.
- ACopying
- BImitation
- CContagious behavior
- DStimulus enhancement
50Which of the following behaviors is most likely an example of contagious behavior?
- AAn orienting response
- BComplex problem-solving
- CDaydreaming
- DReciting poetry
51People who use self-rules to enhance self-control are most likely to:
- Agive themselves general rather than specific instructions.
- Bhave a history of reinforcement for say–do correspondence.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor be is correct.
52Rules are extremely useful for:
- Arapidly establishing appropriate patterns of behavior.
- Beliciting a strong conditioned emotional response.
- Ccreating an adjunctive behavior.
- Dautoshaping.
53Children learn to follow instructions because:
- Aparents praise them when they do so.
- Bdoing so enables them to better accomplish certain tasks.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNone of these are correct.
54Which of the following is a valid way by which sex differences influence the effects of media violence?
- AFemales are not vulnerable to effects of media violence, but males are.
- BMales are more aggressive than females after exposure to violent media.
- CFemales will imitate opposite-sex models but not same-sex models.
- DMales are more likely to inhibit violent behavior if a model’s violence was punished.
55Charlie, a chimp, watches as his fellow chimp, Lulu, opens a door and pulls a rope to obtain some food. A few minutes later, Charlie duplicates the feat. Charlie’s behavior could be a consequence of:
- Astimulus enhancement or true imitation.
- Bstimulus generalization or discrimination.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
56Which of the following steps in learning to play baseball illustrates contingency-shaped behavior?
- AThrowing the ball and practicing intensely
- BWatching videos of excellent pitchers
- CReceiving quality instruction
- DVisualizing oneself as a great pitcher
57Abigail is a workaholic and often fails to keep the promises she makes to her friends. Her behavior shows that she has a:
- Astrong tendency toward stimulus enhancement.
- Bweak tendency toward stimulus enhancement.
- Cstrong tendency toward say–do correspondence.
- Dweak tendency toward say–do correspondence.
58Which of the following statements is true of rule-governed behavior?
- AIt is generally more efficient than contingency-shaped behavior.
- BIt is generally less efficient than contingency-shaped behavior.
- CIt is identical to contingency-shaped behavior.
- DIt is less difficult to modify than contingency-shaped behavior.
59We can acquire new behaviors without direct exposure to contingencies through _____.
- Ainstructions
- Bobservational learning
- Clatent inhibition
- DBoth a and b are correct.
60Jill directs Jessica to a new website that hosts computer games. Jessica visits the website and eventually finds out how to play the various games available. In this scenario, Jessica’s behavior illustrates _____.
- Avicarious imitation
- Bstimulus enhancement
- Cstimulus sensitization
- Dtrue imitation
61Rats that are raised with alcohol available, but that do not observe alcohol consumption by adult rats, will:
- Adrink a lot of alcohol in their adolescence.
- Bdrink little alcohol when they are adolescents.
- Ccompletely avoid alcohol.
- DNone of these are correct.
62Personal rules exert their effect as a function of _____.
- Astimulus control
- Bacquisition
- Csay–do correspondence
- Dstimulus enhancement
63As part of an experiment, James is told that he can earn money by pushing a key on an FI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement. James pushes the response key at a blistering pace throughout the interval between reinforcers. In this scenario, it is likely that James:
- Ahas realized that this is the only way to attain all the reinforcers.
- Bwas previously exposed to an FT 60-sec schedule.
- Chas assumed that he can attain more reinforcers by emitting more responses than needed.
- Ddeveloped the behavior of pushing keys gradually.
64Joel, a college student, is noncompliant in nature. It is likely that as a child, he:
- Awas subjected to errorless discrimination training.
- Bwas reinforced for violating rules.
- Cwas punished for violating rules.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
65Children who are raised by parents who drink heavily are most likely to:
- Afind alcohol aversive, due to poor environmental outcomes.
- Benjoy the smell of alcohol.
- Cbe vulnerable to genetic predisposition toward alcoholism.
- Dbe mentally retarded.
66Which of the following statements is an example of a rule?
- A“Big boys don’t cry.”
- B“I do not like asparagus.”
- C“If you scratch my back, I will scratch yours.”
- D“Psychology is the science of behavior.”
67According to the study conducted by Johnson and his colleagues, there is _____ relationship between aggression and exposure to violent media and the effect of violent media on later aggressive behavior is _____.
- Aa bidirectional; weak
- Ba bidirectional; robust
- Cno; sensationalized
- Da correlational; unidirectional and causal
68In Bandura’s Bobo doll studies, children observed:
- Aadults being attacked by clowns.
- Badults interacting with toys.
- Cother children behaving violently toward one another.
- Dother children fighting over toys.
69Some behaviors in animals that appear to indicate imitation may instead be the result of _____.
- Aimprinting
- Bcognitive evaluation
- Cresponse duplication
- Dstimulus enhancement
70The statement “Leave me alone!” is an example of an instruction:
- Athat is not a rule.
- Bin which the consequence is implied.
- Cin which the consequence is explicit.
- Dthat is not connected with any consequence.
71Which of the following statements is most likely to result in a successful completion of the desired behavior?
- A“I will clean my apartment on Tuesday evening.”
- B“I will dust and vacuum my apartment on Tuesday evening at 7:00.”
- C“I need to clean my apartment this week.”
- D“I will definitely clean my apartment this week.”
72When Bernadette glanced toward a video arcade, she saw a number of kids standing in line for a new game. Later, when the arcade had quieted down a bit, she went in and tried out the game herself. Her behavior is best described as an example of _____.
- Astimulus enhancement
- Bvicarious imitation
- Ctrue imitation
- Dstimulus sensitization
73Whenever Prince Pueckler-Muskau gave his “word of honor” to carry out some task, he did so categorically. This means that there was a _____ between such statements and his normal statements of intention.
- Agood deal of overlap
- Bgood deal of cross-transference
- Cgood deal of similarity
- Dbright boundary
74Which of the following statements represents the basic premise of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?
- AHuman behavior is typically the result of shaping.
- BHuman verbal behavior has both advantages and disadvantages.
- CPsychosis is the result of unpredictable schedules of reinforcement.
- DPsychosis has a beneficial effect on sensitivity to reinforcement.
75Which of the following trends has been observed in people who were exposed to media violence in childhood?
- AOnly males show evidence that they have been affected.
- BOnly females show evidence that they have been affected.
- CMales become more violent, but females tolerate more violence.
- DFemales become more violent, but males tolerate more violence.
76Many apparent examples of true imitation in animals are actually examples of _____.
- Areference
- Brule-governed behavior
- Cproductivity
- Dstimulus enhancement
77We are more likely to attend to models who are:
- Areceiving a positive reinforcer.
- Bsimilar to us.
- Cfamous and admired.
- DAll of these are correct.
78People who use self-rules to enhance self-control are most likely to:
- Agive themselves specific rather than general instructions.
- Bdisplay a strong say–do correspondence.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
79A modeled behavior is more likely to be performed if:
- Athe modeled behavior is reinforced.
- Ban observer receives reinforcement for duplicating the modeled behavior.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
80When we are frightened after observing a look of fear in others, the look of fear in others may be functioning as:
- Aa CS or a US.
- Ba CR or a UR.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
81After vowing that he would never curse, Boris no longer felt any temptation to do so. Boris probably has had an extensive history of:
- Areinforcement for say–do correspondence.
- Bpunishment for say–do correspondence.
- Creinforcement for do–say correspondence.
- Dpunishment for do–say correspondence.
82True imitation can be defined as the:
- Aduplication of a common behavior.
- Bduplication of a novel behavior.
- Capproximation of a common behavior to achieve a goal.
- Dapproximation of a novel behavior to achieve a goal.
83The factors that influence whether we will perform a modeled behavior include:
- Athe consequences of the modeled behavior.
- Bthe consequences of our performance of the modeled behavior.
- Cour history of reinforcement or punishment for performing modeled behaviors.
- DAll of these are correct.
84Personal process rules are also called _____.
- Aimplementation intentions
- Binnovation intentions
- Cintended innovations
- Dimplementation innovations
85A reliable person has most likely been trained to exhibit a strong level of:
- Averbal contingency correspondence.
- Bintrinsic-extrinsic correspondence.
- Cintrinsic motivation.
- Dsay–do correspondence.
86Observational learning of a fear response represents a process of _____.
- Ahigher-order conditioning
- Bselective sensitization
- Cincubation
- Dsensory preconditioning
87Compared to behavior that has been shaped by contingencies, rule-governed behavior is:
- Amore difficult to execute.
- Bextremely sensitive to the contingencies.
- Crather insensitive to the contingencies.
- Dmore time-consuming to establish.
88Linda has just purchased a new computer game, and asks her friend, Miriam, to show her how to use it. Miriam shows her the precise keystrokes that are required to start the game, which Linda immediately duplicates. In this scenario, Linda’s behavior illustrates _____.
- Avicarious imitation
- Bstimulus enhancement
- Cstimulus sensitization
- Dtrue imitation
89A personal process rule is a personal rule that indicates:
- Aone’s personal beliefs.
- Bone’s personal beliefs about a certain process.
- Cthe specific process by which one will accomplish a goal.
- Dthe specific process by which one invents personal rules.
90Behavior that is generated through exposure to rules is known as _____.
- Acriterion-based behavior
- Brule-governed behavior
- Cconformity to rules
- Dobedience
91Vicki laughs out loud at a joke she is reading from a magazine. One by one, her friends around her start giggling and chuckling as well, even though they are not sure what Vicki is laughing about. One even says “What’s so funny?” even though she is already laughing. This scenario illustrates _____.
- Astimulus enhancement
- Bcontagious behavior
- Cimitation
- Da social norm
92The correlations between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior are similar in strength to the correlations between:
- Aalcohol consumption and intoxication.
- Bsmoking and lung cancer.
- Cgenetic predisposition and Huntington’s disease.
- Dheight and IQ.
93Desensitization to violence may lead females to _____ violence.
- Aendorse
- Bbecome victims of
- Ccommit
- Davoid
94Which of the following statements best exemplifies a bright boundary?
- A“I need to call my parents this weekend.”
- B“I will definitely call my parents this weekend.”
- C“I will call my parents on Sunday afternoon.”
- D“I will call my parents on Sunday afternoon at 2:00 p.m.”
95Rats that are raised with an adult rat that consumes alcohol will:
- Aavoid alcohol in adolescence.
- Bconsume twice as much alcohol when they are adolescents.
- Ctry consuming alcohol and then avoid it.
- Dhave an increased preference for alcohol, but only if exposure lasts more than two months.
96Some researchers have argued that teaching is _____ and that the evidence about animal teaching is _____.
- Acommon among most species of animals; well-documented
- Buniquely human; often anecdotal and subject to anthropomorphism
- Cuniquely human; impossible to document
- Dcommon among all primates; available only from laboratory studies
97The statement “The meek shall inherit the earth” is an example of a(n) _____.
- Aprinciple
- Bstandard
- Cinstruction
- Drule
98The statement “Don’t you dare open the door!” is an example of a(n) _____.
- Astandard
- Binstruction
- Cnorm
- DBoth a and b are correct.
99An observer’s attention to a model can be facilitated by:
- Areinforcing the model’s behavior.
- Breinforcing the observer’s behavior of paying attention.
- Cenhancing the similarities between the model and the observer.
- DAll of these are correct.
100Billie’s cat watches intently as Billie moves toward the television set and turns it on. Later, the cat approaches the television set and turns it on. In this scenario, the cat’s behavior could be a result of:
- Atrue imitation or stimulus enhancement.
- Bstimulus sensitization or vicarious conditioning.
- CBoth a and b are correct.
- DNeither a nor b is correct.
101The statement “I should drive slow so that I can clearly see the sights along the highway” is an example of a(n) _____.
- Aself-instruction
- Bpersonal rule
- Cattitude
- DBoth a and b are correct.
102Compared to contingency-shaped behavior, rule-governed behavior is sometimes:
- Amore difficult to acquire.
- Bmore sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting.
- Cless sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting.
- Dmore easily extinguished.
103From a behavioral perspective, a rule is a:
- Astatement about what a person should do.
- Bcontingency.
- Cverbal description of a contingency.
- Dsign or a gesture.
104Animals using scent marking at food sites is an example of _____.
- Astimulus discrimination
- Bdiscriminative enhancement
- Cfocused discrimination
- Dstimulus enhancement
105Romanes (1884), Morgan (1900), and Thorndike (1911) debated whether animals are capable of _____.
- Aobservational learning
- Bvicarious conditioning
- Ctrue imitation
- Dmaking communicative gestures
106Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of contagious behavior?
- ALaughing along with someone even when you do not know what he or she is laughing at
- BYawning when someone else yawns
- CLooking toward the direction in which your teacher is looking
- DUnlocking a door that you saw someone else unlock previously
107Personal rules are most effective when they establish:
- Aa bright boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors.
- Ba flexible boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors.
- Ca porous boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors.
- DNone of these are correct.
108In _____, information is gained from watching a model, which then allows the person who is watching to modify his or her own behavior.
- Adiscrimination training
- Bsign-tracking
- Cimprinting
- Dobservational learning
109Patrick’s therapist is encouraging him to recognize that he has a lot of anxiety and that he should not try to fight it. Instead, he should just deal with his life as it is and figure out how to live his life regardless of his symptoms. Which of the following therapies does this scenario illustrate?
- ASystematic desensitization
- BFlooding
- CAcceptance and Commitment Therapy
- DDifferential reinforcement of other behavior
110Vicarious emotional responses are _____ emotional responses that result from seeing such responses exhibited by others.
- Aclassically conditioned
- Bpositively reinforced
- Cnegatively reinforced
- DBoth b and c are correct.
111The term _____ refers to the duplication of a novel behavior.
- Atrue imitation
- Bvicarious learning
- Cvicarious conditioning
- Dstimulus enhancement
112An extremely useful way to rapidly learn basic practices in fishing before actually going fishing is to learn through:
- Aexposure to the relevant rules.
- Btrial and error.
- Cintuition.
- Dshaping.
113Contagious behavior is associated with behaviors such as _____.
- Afear responses
- Byawning
- Corienting responses
- DAll of these are correct.
114According to the text, the person who best exemplifies willpower is the one who can overcome temptation through the use of:
- Avisualization.
- Bsecondary, short-term goals.
- Cpositive reinforcement.
- Dself-promises.
115Which of the following treatments is based on the premise that feelings are largely uncontrollable but actions are controllable?
- ASystematic desensitization
- BErrorless discrimination training
- CDifferential reinforcement of other behavior
- DMorita therapy
116True imitation is defined as a form of observational learning that involves:
- Athe close duplication of a novel behavior.
- Bmoving to the location where a model is currently situated.
- Creplicating a behavior that an observer has previously performed.
- Dthe reinforcement of gradual approximations toward a novel behavior.
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- Social Science Quiz on Chapter 11, created by Isis Haynes on 11/03/2018.
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