Flashcards
BMS12-1050 - Respiratory Pharmacology
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Which test is used to diagnose asthma?FEV1, which measures the maximum exhale
- 2What is the chemical structure of B2 agonists? How does te long acting one differ from the short acting one structurally?Structure is similar to adrenaline
Long acting ones have long chain - 3What is the chemical structure of a glucocorticosteroid?Variation of a steroid 4 carbon ring structure
- 4What are two types of bronchodilators?1. Beta 2 agonists
2. Muscarinic antagonists - 5What are two examples of muscarinic antagonists?Ipratropium bromide (6 hours) and Tiotropium bromide (24 hours)
- 6What are the two types of B2 Agonists, and examples of each?1. Short acting
eg. Salbutamol
2. Long acting
eg. Salmeterol - 7What are the two mechanisms through which glucocorticoids stop inflammatory cell activation, recruitment, and adhesion?1. Transactivation of annexin, Beta2 receptor
2. Transrepression of NFkB/AP-1 that normally initiates transcription for:
- cytokines
- chemokines
- adhesion molecules
- inflammatory enzymes - 83 Phases of Asthma 1. Immediate phase -... after exposure - bronchospasm due to ... 2. Delayed phase - ... after - Due to ....narrowing airways 3. Airway/Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to ANY irritant - ... after - combination of ...1. 5-15mins
2. Mast cells causing SM to contract
3. 2-8 hours
4. Mucosal swelling/oedema
5. 2-8 days
6. Bronchospasm on combined oedematous - 9Side effects of glucocorticosteroidsFungal infections, hoarse voice, bruising, osteoporosis
- 10What are the 5 types of anti-inflammatory agents?1. Glucocorticosteroids
2. Xanthines
3. Cromones
4. Leukotriene antagonists
5. Anti LgE - 11What are the 4 main reactions in asthma?1. Smooth muscle bronchoconstriction
2. Inflammation
3. Oedema
4. Mucus - 12What are common side effects of muscarinic antagonists?Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, glaucoma
- 13What are common side effects of B2 agonists?Tremor, increased HR, hypokalemia
- 14Salbutamol: B2 agonist, ... acting Salmeterol: B2 agonist, ... acting Fluticasone Propionate: inhaled ... Montelukast: ...receptor antagonist Theophylline: Xanthine, inhibit ... Cromoglycate: Cromone, ...mast cells Omalizumab: ... Ipratropium Bromide: Muscarinic antagonist/prevent PNS ...hr Tiotropium Bromide: Muscarinic antagonist/ prevent PNS ...hrSalbutamol: Short
Salmeterol: Long
Fluticasone Propionate: Steroid
Montelukast: Leukotriene
Theophylline: Xanthine, inhibits phosphodiesterase
Cromoglycate: Cromone, stabilise mast cells
Omalizumab: bind to free lgE
Ipratropium Bromide: 6 hr
Tiotropium Bromide: 24 hour - 15Leukotriene receptors antagonists work by1. Block leukotrienes from arachodonic acid
2. This prevents bronchoconstriction/oedema/mucus - 16How does Omalizumab work?1. Binds to free LgE
2. This reduces the amount of LgEs open to bind to mast cells/trigger inflammatory response - 17How do xanthines work? Give an Example of one1. Inhibits phosphodiesterase, which normally breaks down cAMP
2. Increases cAMP+MLCK phosphorylation
3. More SM relaxation - 18How do muscarinic antagonists work? What do they mainly treat?Muscarinic receptors normally activate PNS, causing SM contraction and bronchoconstriction
Blocks this to achieve bronchodilation
Mainly treats COPD - 19How do glucocorticosteroids work?1. Steroid is in cytosol along with steroid receptor that is stuck to a chaparonin
2. Steroid binds to receptor, releasing receptor from chaparonin
3. Steroid+receptor enters the nucleus, affects gene transcription - 20How do cromones work?Stabilise mast cells to lower inflammatory cell activation/recruitment
- 21How do B2 agonists work? 1. B agonists binds to B2 receptor on SM 2. G protein attached to receptor disassosiates, activates {{c1::adenylyl cyclase }} 3. {{c2::Cyclic AMP}} made from ATP Cyclic AMP converted to AMP 4. PKA activated 5. Myosin light chain kinase ...in SM cells 6. Relaxation In SM, cAMP-->relaxation. What are the different mechanisms of b2 agonists/xanthines?1. Adenylyl cyclase
2. Cyclic AMP
3. Phosphorylated
B2 agonists promote cAMP formation, while xanthines prevent its breakdown-->SM Relaxation - 22B2 agonists are administered via...Inhalation
- 23Asthma/bronchitis affects the ...zone COPD/Emphysema affects the ... zone1. Conducting
2. Transitional/respiratory - 245-LO inhibitors such as Zileuton work by...Preventing 5-LO from causing bronchoconstriction/oedema/mucus
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- Description
- Describe the pathophysiology of asthma Describe the pharmacology of directly-acting bronchodilators (e.g. salbutamol) and indirectly-acting bronchodilators (e.g. ipratropium bromide) Describe the pharmacology of anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. glucocorticosteroids, xanthines, cromones) outline any major side effects and toxicities associated with pulmonary drugs
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- Evian Chai
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