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Flashcards

Bacteria Form And Function Ch 4

Chrisitna Spangler Microbiology 1 English 91 cards

Cards in this deck (91)

  1. 1These structure s exist in all BacteriaCell (cytoplasmic) membrane
    Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid
    RIbosomes
    Cytoplasm
  2. 2One commonality in the internal structure of bacteria and archaea is...Neither have membrane-bound
    organelles
  3. 3Bacteria cell walls are made up of a chemical called what?Peptidoglycan
  4. 4The walls of these particular cells are tough and distinct from bacteria and eukaryotic cellsArchaeal cells
  5. 5These cells have a nucleus that contain nuclear materialEukaryotic cells
  6. 6Name the three external appendages of a bacterial cellFlagella
    Pili
    Fimbriae
  7. 7Bacteria can form groups calledColonies
    Biofilms
  8. 8Bacterial are capable of carrying out all necessary life activities such as.. (name 3)Reproduction
    Metabolism
    Nutrient processing
  9. 9A long rotating filament attached to a bacterial cell by a basal body that provides motility.Flagellum
  10. 10Stored nutrients inside a bacterial cell, suc h as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed are called..Inclusion/Granule
  11. 11A coating or layer of molecules external to the bacterial cell wall. It may also serve as an adhesive and has receptor functions.Capsule
  12. 12PilusAn appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it, found only on Gram-neg bacteria.
  13. 13Cell wallA semisolid casing that provides structural support and shape to the cell
  14. 14These are fine, hairlike bristles extending from the surface of bacterial cells that assist in adhesion to other cellsFimbriae
  15. 15S layerA monolayer of protein used for protection and/or attachment
  16. 16Protein coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm of a bacteria cellBacterial microcompartments
  17. 17PlasmidDouble stranded DNA circle containing extra genes.
  18. 18A dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditionsEndospore
  19. 19What are the three general shapes of bacteria?Coccus
    Bacillus
    Spirillum
  20. 20What is the average size of a bacterial cell?1 um
  21. 21What is th e size of the bacteria Thiomargarita namibiensis?100-750 um
    some are large enough to be seen with the naked eye
  22. 22A Nanobacteria is what size?0.5 - 0.2 um
  23. 23Variations in size and shape among cells of a single species is called..Pleomorphism
  24. 24Average size of a Mycoplasma?0.15 - 0.30 um
  25. 25What is the smallest bacteria to date that can be seen under a light microscope?Mycoplasma
    0.15 - 0.30 um
  26. 26Groups of four cocci are calledTetrads
  27. 27A cubical packet of 8, 16 or more cells of cocci is called....Sarcina
  28. 28The arrangement of Streptoccocichains of a few to hundreds of cells
  29. 29What does an arragement of Staphylococci look like?irregular clusters of spherical shaped cells
  30. 30Cells that appear as a side-by-side row of cells as a result of being partially attached and folded back are called...Palisades
  31. 31What bacterial cells rarely remain attached after cell division?Spirochetes
  32. 32What do Diplobacilli look like?pairs of rod shaped cells with ends attached
  33. 33These bacterial cells are only occasionally found in short chainsSpirilla
  34. 34What two external appendages provide motility?Flagella and axial filaments
  35. 35These two external components provide attachment points or channelsFimbriae and pili
  36. 36Name the three parts of a bacterial flagellumFilament
    Hook (sheath)
    Basal body
  37. 37A helical structure composed of protein found on a bacterial flagellumfilament
  38. 38Monotrichoussingle flagellum
  39. 39Lophotrichoussmall bunches of tufts
  40. 40flagella at both poles of the cellAmphitrichous
  41. 41flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cellPeritrichous
  42. 42Chemotaxisthe movement of flagellum in response to chemical signals
  43. 43Positive chemotaxismovement of flagellum in response to favorable chemical stimulus
  44. 44movement of flagellum away from a repellent (potentially harmful) compound.Negative chemotaxis
  45. 45PhototaxisMovement as a result of a light source
  46. 46Is Phototaxis positive or negative?Can be either positive or negative
    moving toward or away
  47. 47Describe what happens when a bacteria cell runsThe flagella moves counterclockwise.
    The cell moves in a smooth, linear direction toward a stimulus
  48. 48What causes a bacteria cell to tumble?Repellants cause numerous tumbles
  49. 49What is it called when the flagellum of a bacterial cell reverses direction causing the cell to stop and change course?Tumble
  50. 50As a bacterial cell gets closer to it's attractant, what happens to the run and tumble sequence?the walk becomes "biased" toward more runs and fewer tumbles directing the cell to it's attractant
  51. 51Axial FilamentsTwo or more long coiled threads found in spirochetes that are the cells internal flagellum
  52. 52Long coiled threads that cause a twisting motion within a spirocheteAxial Filaments
  53. 53These bristle-like fibers on the surface of some bacteria have a tendency to stick to each other and to surfacesFimbriae
    (sing; Fimbria)
  54. 54These fibers found on the surface of E.coli, may be responsible for biofilmsFimbriae
  55. 55A long rigid tubular structure, can transfer DNA and is only found in gram-negative bacteriaPili
  56. 56A pilus is made of a special protein called..pilin
  57. 57Pili is used in a mating process between cells called..Conjugation
  58. 58What is a slime layer?Glycocalyx formed loosely around the cell, protects the cells from water/nutrient loss.
  59. 59What is a capsule?Glycocalyx that is bound tightly around a cell, denser and thicker than slime layer.
  60. 60What do capsules protect against?bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells.
  61. 61Capsules are formed by what type of bacteria?Pathogenic
  62. 62Biofilms are layers of bacteria that form on the surfaces of (give 2 examplesTeeth and indwelling catheters
  63. 63Cell envelope is composed of three parts, what are they?Cell wall
    cell membrane
    outer membrane (in some bacteria)
  64. 64A Gram-positive cell wall can be described as a...--Thick cell wall of peptidoglycan
    --Inner cytoplasmic membrane
  65. 65A Gram-negative bacteria cell wall can be described as having aOuter membrane
    Thin cell wall
    Inner cytoplasmic membrane
  66. 66What are the characteristics of a cell wall structure?--determine the shape of the cell
    --structural support
  67. 67Describe on important factor that is necessary to consider in order to identify or treat an infection that was caused by a Gram-neg bacteria?The outer membrane has an extra barrier that is more difficult to penetrate than Gram-positive bacteria.
  68. 68___________ or it's parts can interact with human tissues and contribute to disease?Cell envelope
  69. 69The lipids of the cell walls of certain ____________ species are harmful to human cellsMycobacterium
  70. 70__________are dominant bodies produced by the bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Clostridium and SporosarcinaEndospores
  71. 71Depletion of nutrients, especially carbon and nitrogen sources is the stimulus for what?Endospore formation
  72. 72Sporangium is a sporulating cell who's transformation into a spore takes how long?6-8 hours in most species
  73. 73When does germination of an endospore begin?When favorable conditions arise such as; in the presence of water and a specific chemical or stimulus
  74. 74MyceliumThe woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold.
  75. 75Septahyphae divided into segments or cross wall
  76. 76HyphaeHairlike fibers or cells (mold)
  77. 77what are the two ways in which fungi can reproduce?Sexually and Asexually
  78. 78What is the disadvantage of Asexual reproduction for a fungi?There is no genetic diversity, every cell is a clone of the parent which affects survivability
  79. 79What is the disadvantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi?Just that is requires a partner
  80. 80What is the advantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi?It has genetic diversity so increased chances of survival
  81. 81What are Saprobes?A type of fungi that obtains it's substrates from dead plants an animals
  82. 82What are Heterotrophic fungi?A type of fungi that acquires it's nutrients from a wide variety of substrates
  83. 83Parasitic fungilive on the bodies of plants or animals
  84. 84A protozoan that is considered a sprozoan is called a/an_____________ and causes the diesease______________Apicomplexan / Maleria
  85. 85What mode of locomotion does an apicomplexan use?it is non-motile
  86. 86These organisms are usually harmless but a few species are parasitic and responsible for millions of infections in humans per year. What classification are they in?Protista /Protozoa
  87. 87Any unicellular or colonial organism that lacks true tissuesProtist
  88. 88Protozoans are categorized by the way that theyMove/ there methods of locomotion
  89. 89Name 3 methods of locomotion for a protozoanPseudopods ("false feet")
    Flagella
    Cilia
  90. 90Most protozoans have 1 of 3 methods of locomotion but a fourth protozoan called_________uses what method of locomotion?Apicomplexan (sporozoan) / non-motile
  91. 91The 2 major taxonomic categories of the kingdom of Protists are....Subkingdoms; Protozoa and Algae

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Flashcards on Untitled, created by xtinaspang on 02/03/2016.
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