Flashcards
Chapter 2; Research methods flashcards
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1Ethical principles for animal research1) research must have a clear scientific purpose
2) provide humane living conditions for animals
3) legally obtained animals
4) least amount of suffering - 2standard deviationshows how far scares vary from the mean score
- 368-95-99.7 rulemeans 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. (5% of all scores fall within two standard deviations of the mean. 99.7% of all scores fall within three standard deviations of the mean
- 4normal distributionforms a bell shaped or symmetrical curve
- 5modemost frequently occuring score
- 6medianthe middle score
- 7meanthe average, sum of a set of scores
- 8operational definitionsstatement of your procedures
- 9dependent variablewhat is being measured in an experiment
- 10random assignmentassigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance
- 11cross sectional studycompares individuals at various ages at one point in time
- 12longitudinal studystudies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time
- 13negative correlation-1.00 (closest to it), means 2 variables move in opposite directions
- 14zero correlationindicates there is no relationship between two variables
- 15positive correlation+1.00 (closest to it)
- 16correlation coefficient.number value that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
- 17correlation studiesresearchers observe or measure a relationship between variables
- 18participant biastendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed
- 19researcher biastendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis and ignore contradictory evidence
- 20surveysdescriptive method
- 21skewed distributionmost scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail.
- 22reliabilityconsistency or repeatability of results
- 23random selectionchoosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample
- 24random assignmentdivision of the sample in an experiment into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition
- 25quasi-experimentmeasurement of DV when random assignment to groups of a randomly slected sample is not possible
- 26quantitative datainformation can be reported as numbers for ease of handling
- 27populationall of the individuals in the group to which the study applies
- 28placebophysical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group
- 29normal distributionrepresented by a normal curve- symmetric with mean, mode, and median the same score
- 30naturalistic observationsobserving and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation
- 31inferential statisticsstatistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions
- 32hypothesisprediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related
- 33experimental groupgroup that you experiment on
- 34experimentresearch method that involves manipulation of an independent variable under controlled conditions
- 35ethical guidelines for human research1) informed consent
2) voluntary participation
3) debriefing
4) confidentiality - 36descriptive statisticsnumbers that summarize a set or research date from a sample
- 37confounding variablesfactors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable.
- 38central tendencydescribes average of a distribution
- 39case studiesresearch technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles