Flashcards
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Civics
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1ParliamentThe British legislature
- 2LegislatureA group of people that makes laws
- 3MercantilismThe theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
- 4BoycottThe refusal to purchase certain goods
- 5IndependenceSelf-reliance and freedom from outside control
- 6ConfederationA group of states that band together for a common purpose
- 7Magna CartaGreat Charter signed in 1215 by King John; limited the power of the monarch and recognized rights of the nobles
- 8Glorious Revolution1688 the peaceful transfer of power in history of England: Parliament removed King James 2 from throne and invited his daughter Mary and he husband William to rule instead
- 9English Bill of RightsIn English history guaranteed free elections, the right to a fair trial, and made cruel and unusual punishment illegal
- 10Natural RightsRights you are born with - life, liberty, and property
- 11Social ContractAgreement between the people (the governed) and the government; People agree to give up part of their freedom to govt. in exchange for protection of natural rights
- 12Baron de MontesquieuPhilosopher who came up with "separation of powers"
- 13EnlightenmentDuring the 1700s and 1800s movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society
- 14Mayflower CompactDocument signed by passengers of Mayflower; created a direct democracy in the New World; also represents idea of a social contract
- 15House of BurgessesBicameral legislature in Jamestown, Virginia; also was the first representative democracy in the New World
- 16Indentured ServantA person who agreed to work for a period of 7 years to pay off the cost of their passage to the colonies
- 17Triangular TradeTrade between Europe, Africa and the Americas; slaves from Africa were transported to the Americas and traded for sugar and molasses
- 18Middle PassageThe journey across the Atlantic Ocean made by slave ships
- 19Salutary NeglectSometimes called healthy or useful neglect meant England did not strictly enforce its laws in the colonies
- 20French Indian WarAlso called the Seven Years War between England and France; because of war debt England began to tax the colonies
- 21"No taxation without representation"Slogan that summed up the colonists anger over taxes and the fact the colonies were NOT allowed to send representatives to Parliament
- 22Boston MassacreMarch 5 1770 British soldiers opened fire on a crowd killing 5 American colonists; event fueled the Americans hatred for the British
- 23Stamp ActA tax on printed materials such as legal documents, mail, newspapers, etc.
- 24Boston Tea PartyColonists some dressed as Indians sneaked aboard British ships and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor
- 25Intolerable ActsAlso known as the Coercive acts; these acts (laws) punished the Boston colonists for the Boston Tea Party; the Boston port was closed to trade and a new Quartering Act
- 26Quartering ActPart of the Intolerable Acts; act that required colonists to house and feed British soldiers
- 27Common SensePamphlet written by Thomas Paine that was widely read in the colonies; said colonies should be free and independent
- 28Battle of Lexington and Concord"Shot heard around the world"; first battle of the Revolutionary War
- 29Second Continental CongressMeeting of colonial delegates in May 1775; a committee of 5 men were appointed to write a document declaring American independence
- 30Declaration of IndependenceThe document addressed to King George 2 of England that declared American independence
- 31Thomas JeffersonChief author of the D.O.I.
- 32John LockeEnglish philosopher whose natural rights philosophy was a BIG influence on Thomas Jefferson
- 33Fundamental Orders of Connecticut1st written constitution in the New World
- 34Proclamation of 1763England said colonists could not settle new lands beyond the Appalachian Mts.
- 35Articles of ConfederationOur 1st government; lasted for about 10 years; created a "league of friendship" between the 13 states
- 36Daniel Shays' RebellionA wake up call for Americans; Daniel Shays led a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers against the federal govt. under the AOC
- 37Philadelphia ConventionAKA Constitutional Convention; met May-Sept. 1787 delegates suppose to amend (fix) the Articles of Confederation; end up writing a new constitution
- 38James MadisonFather of Constitution