Flashcards
Echinoderms
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What do we now see in echinoderms that are not in any other phyla to this point?Deuterostomy (blastopore becomes anus)
- 2What is the difference of being a deuterstome?1) Blastopore becomes anus 2) Eight cell stage is radial and intermediate 3) Folds of archenteron become coelom, mesoderm not split
- 3What are the main traits of phylum echinodermata?1) Marine (bottom dwellers) 2) Pentarameously symmetric 3) No cephalization
4) Larvae is bilaterally symmetrical - 4Describe the echinoderm WVS1) Water starts in madreporite 2) Flows through ring canal to lateral canals 3) ends up in ampulla which stores water for the foot
- 5What kind of osmoregulators are echinoderms?Osmoconformers (WVS fluid is similar to sea water)
- 6How do the tube feet function?1) Water enters the lateral canal 2) The bulb contracts and forces water into the podium, expanding it
- 7What are the pros and cons of tube feet?Pros: Lots of surface area and very strong grip (open bivalve, good for gas exchange and sensory systems)
Cons: very slow - 8Describe the nervous system of echinodermsBasically a nerve ring connected to radial nerves along the radial canals. Some classes have ocelli
- 9How do echinoderms support themselves?Internal, calcareous ossicles of calcium carbonate. Embedded and held together by 'catch tissue'. When the muscles contract they can become harder, or relax and become jelly-ish
- 10What is the base design of the echinoderm circ and resp system?No circ system, coelom is ciliated. Gas exchange via diffusion
- 11How do echinoderms feed?Filter feeders, carnivores, scavengers, grazers
- 12How do sea stars feed, specifically?Predacious. Evert cardiac stomach and begin digestion externally
- 13What are pedicellariae?Pincerlike spines on top of the starfish that are musculated and can grab escaping prey
- 14How do echinoderms digest food?1) Short intestine requires use of digestive glands and other parts to be located in arms 2) Pyloric ceca in arms are the main site of digestion and absorption
- 15What are pyloric ceca?The main site of digestion in the arms of echinoderms (essentially function as intestine)
- 16What is the ecological significance of echinoderms?1) Can do lots of damage in groups 2) Can damage kelp forests (urchins) 3) CoT sea star outbreaks in phillipines 4) Links to runoff an echinoderm populations
- 17Why might runoff affect echinoderm populations?Grows algae, eaten by echinoderm larvae
- 18How do echinoderms reproduce?1) Sexually - release gametes into water 2) Diecious 3) many brood eggs
- 19What are the regenerative qualities of echinoderms?1) High powers of regeneration (esp sea and brittle stars) 2) Can live 30-100+ years 3) Dies only due to disease and predation really
- 20What is star wasting syndrome?No idea really.... On west coast, with no real idea of what it is. Doesn't seem sped up by exposure to already sick individuals
- 21What are the five classes of echinoderms?Crinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea
- 22What are the main traits of crinoidea?1) Arms with ambulacral grooves for suspension feeding 2) No external madreporite
- 23What are ambulacral grooves?The five lines of symmetry on echinoderms?
- 24What are those five lines of symmetry on echinoderms?Ambulacral grooves
- 25What are the main traits of class ophiuroidea?1) Distinct central disk 2) madreporite on oral surface 3) no podial suckers
- 26What are the main traits of class asteroidea?5 arms BROADly connected to central disk
- 27What are the main traits of class echinoidea?Fusion of ossicles in a rigid 'test'
- 28What are the main traits of class holothuroidea?1) Reduction of ossicles 2) Internal madreporite 3) Elongated oral-aboral axis
- 29What are in class crinoidea?Sea lilies, feather stars
- 30What are the oldest living echinoderm class?Crinoidea
- 31Where are crinoids found? Where do they go?Sessile, indo-pacific, generally very deep
- 32Give a description of the appearance of crinoidsUpside down sea start with a stalk. Pentamerous but more than five arms. Pinnules of podia on top. Filter feed
- 33How do crinoids feed?1) Podia along ambulacral grooves trap food and transfer to cilia tract 2) Cilica carry food to mouth
- 34How do crinoids move?Sea lilies break off as escape response; creep along ground. Feather stars can swim short distances
- 35What are in class asteroidea?Sea stars
- 36What are in class ophiuroidea?Brittle and basket stars
- 37How do ophiuroidea eat?Filter feed, scavenge, predacious
- 38How do ophiuroidea move?Some sort of contorsion....
- 39What is significant in echinoidea osicles?They are fused. No arms, just a test
- 40Which class has aristotle's lantern?Echinoids
- 41What is aristotle's lantern for?5 jawlike structures to tear up kelp
- 42How do holothuroids eat?Sediment and filter feeders
- 43How do holothuroids move?Use tube feet, just somewhat reduced
- 44What is a defence mechanism of sea cucumbers?They generally evert their respiratory tree. Can also have venom
- 45What is some evidence for echinoderm sociality?1) Often grouped together, despite no brains 2) Sea stars almost hug each other 3) Tips of the arms have eyespots (raise arms) 4) interactions are possible them fighting over resources 5) Possible evidence for dominance hierarchy?
- 46What is additional evidence for echinoderm sociality?1) Brooding eggs: parental care? 2) Juveniles spend one/two years under adult 'spine canopy' 3) Breen et al 1985 study on juvenile selection [juveniles go to adult not rock, feeding doesnt matter, predator really does though] 4) Interspecific competition [eg purple star vs 6 rayed star]
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- Zoology Flashcards on Echinoderms, created by Wolokos on 11/03/2014.
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