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Biology definitions

Ben Smith Human Biology English 46 cards

Cards in this deck (46)

  1. 1Refractory periodUnresponsive period where Na+ and K+ channels cannot be opened by a stimulus.
    Ensures nerve impulse only travels in one direction
  2. 2Infarctarea of tissue that has been deprived of its oxygen supply and dies as a result
  3. 3Drugany chemical that affects the way your body functions and how you think or feel.
  4. 4Drug abuseHabitual misuse of a chemical substance, including illegal drugs, prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs. 'Abuse' to use that is problematic of harmful, to individual or person around them.
  5. 5G proteinsGuanine nucleotide binding proteins
    Family of proteins involved in transmitting signals into the cell.
    Understanding of protein interactions, function and signalling pathways may lead to treatments/preventative treatments.
  6. 6HomeostasisMaintenance of a constant internal enviroment
  7. 7Endocrine glandsGlands that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct
  8. 8Excretionremoval of unwanted products of metabolism from the body.
    In cells there is a sequence of chemical reactions, each step controlled by enzymes.
  9. 9AldosteroneHormone released by adrenal glands.
    Regulates blood pressure.
    Increases reabsorption of sodium and water, along with excretion of potassium in distal tubles of kidneys.
    Action raises blood pressure.
  10. 10HaemocritMeasures how much space in blood is occupied by red blood cells.
    ratio of volume occupied by packed red blood cells compared to volume of whole blood.
  11. 11Metabolismchemical processes occuring in a living organism that are essential for the maintenance of life.
  12. 12AquaporinsIntrinsic proteins that form pore through phospholipid bilayer and selectively conduct water in and out while preventing passage of ions and other solutes.
  13. 13AnaemiaBody is defecient in numbers of erythrocytes
  14. 14OedemaFluid retention
    Hands, feet and area around eyes becomes puffy and swollen due to fluid retention in the tissue.
  15. 15DialysisProcess in which components of blood are seperated usnig partially permeable membrane. Blood is cleansed of impurities, and returned to patient.
  16. 16ProgestinSynthetic progesterone
  17. 17Intervertebral discdisc of cartilage between two vertebrae
  18. 18PrimerShort, single-stranded DNA sequences (10-20 bases)
    Needed in PCR to bind to section of DNA, because olymerase enzymes cannot bind directly to single stranded DNA fragments
  19. 19MinisatelliteSection of DNA that consists of a short series of bases, occur at more than 1000 locations in human genome
  20. 20VectorUsed to transport DNA into host cell.
    Bacterial plasmids are often used as vectors.
    Viruses can also be used.
  21. 21HLAHuman leucocyte antigen
  22. 22MHCArea of chromosome 6 where the loci for genes for HLA antigens are situated:
    Major histocompatibility complex
  23. 23Tissue rejectionWhere the recipient of donor tissue mounts an immune response against that tissue, eventually destroying that tissue
  24. 24CompatabilityAbility to accept transplanted tissue
  25. 25SynapseSpecialized junction where two neurones meet
  26. 26Blink reflexrapid closing of the eyelid when something threatening approaches the eye
  27. 27Resting potentialcharge inside cell is more negative than outside cell
    -40mV
  28. 2820/20 + 20/40, difference?20/20 = Normal acuity
    20/40 = need to be 20ft from object to view it with same resolution that someone with 20/20 would from 40ft
  29. 29Blood-Brain Barriera mechanism that alters the permeability of brain capillaries, so that some substances, such as certain drugs, are prevented from entering brain tissue, while others are allowed to enter freely, e.g oxygen
  30. 30Dorsal root ganglionnodule on the dorsal root of the spinal cord that contains cell bodies of sensory neurones
  31. 31GeneLength of DNA that codes for the production of a specific polypeptide
  32. 32AlleleDifferent form of a gene that occupies the same locus on homologous chromosomes
  33. 33LocusPosition on chromosome where particular gene is found
  34. 34PhenotypePersons observable characteristics, result of interaction between genotype and phenotype
  35. 35GenotypeHeterozygous/Homozygous
    Genetic make-up of individual
    All the alleles the nucleus of a human cell contains
  36. 36HomozygousGenotype where two alleles of gene are the same, e.g AA or aa
  37. 37HeterozygousGenotype where two alleles of same gene are different, e.g Aa
  38. 38Dominant alleleALWAYS shows effect on phenotype
  39. 39Recessive alleleOnly shows effect on phenotype when dominant allele is ABSENT
  40. 40Codominant allelesBoth alleles affect the phenotype in a heterozygote
  41. 41AutosomesAll chromosomes apart from sex chromosomes (X and Y)
  42. 42GeneticsStudy of Genes, their inheritance and their effects
  43. 43Chiasmacrossover point between two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis
  44. 44Intronsregions of DNA not translated into proteins
  45. 45Exonsregions of DNA that are translated into proteins
  46. 46Annealingwhen sticky ends stick to eachother by forming hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
    When two pieces of DNA cut with same enzyme
    Ligase catalyses condensation of two molecules

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Human Biology Flashcards on Biology definitions, created by Ben Smith on 30/04/2013.
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Ben Smith
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