Introduction to Research Methods notes
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This GoConqr page gathers notes on Introduction to Research Methods, from sampling and experimental design to ethics and data. It is for university students and professional candidates practising research methods, school students reviewing these topics, and teachers looking for ready-made material. There are over 100 notes across university and secondary levels; choose one to start exploring.
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- Scientific Method and Research Paradigms96
- The Research Process68
- Literature Review and Research Sources61
- Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods237
- Hypotheses and Variables24
- Research Designs and Types of Research241
- Experimental Research and Design143
- Sampling Methods90
- Research Ethics36
- Data Collection Methods and Instruments143
- Surveys and Questionnaires164
- Interviews and Focus Groups151
- Observational Research89
- Reliability, Validity and Research Evaluation82
- Types of Data and Data Analysis92
Notes
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Self-Report Techniques - Validity, Reliability and Ethical Issues Validity External ValidityIn interviews and questionnaires this concerns the extent to which the findings can be generalised to other situations and other people. A major factor will be the representativeness&nbs...
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Sampling Random Sample:A random sample is where all the members of the target population have an equal chance of being picked. First a list of all the members of the target population is made and all the names are a given numb...
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Chapter 8 Chapter 8: Experimental Designs A. Purpose of experiments i. To demonstrate that one variable caused changes in other variables (cause and...
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Chapter 10 A. Correlational Research Approach i. This type of strategy a. Describes relationships between variables 1. W...
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Social Science Intro How Social Scientists Do Their Work: A Hypothesis is an educated guess which starts an investigation/ that you hope to proveHow many households are like yours (NY Times) Social science works through Classifying common...
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GEO1315A research methods for geographers (BA) 26/9/18 first lecture - introductory lecture setting out the module - lecture slides on ELE GEO1315A Lecture 2 Bristol field trip: 3/10/18 Pre-departure Lectures: Week 2: Fieldwork in Geography (Sam Kinsley) We...
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Scientific methods scientific methods What is science? Use of empirical methods? Replicability? Objectivity?Theory construction?Hypothesis testingPeer reviews science: is a scientific process where we gain information from observable an...
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Research Methods- A Level final revision Content analysis- observational technique that indirectly observes behaviour via analysis of communication e.g. the media. Coding is used to systematically categorise data. + Circumnavigates ethical issues of experime...
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Chapter 12 A. Developmental Research Designs i. Used to examine changes in behavior related to age a. Example research questions 1...
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Extraneous Variables Definition - In an experiment, any variable other than the IV that might potentially affect the DV. Situational Variables - Those features of a research situation that may influence participants' behaviour a...
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Learning theroies Research Methods Types of observation Structured carried out in an environment the researchers have control record behaviours that world be difficult to do in naturalistic obsevations Evaluate numerical data can be gathered for infoma...
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Pilot Studies A pilot study is a small scale trial run of the investigtion. Pilot studies involve a handful of participants rather than the total number in order to 'road test' the procedure and check the investigation runs smoothl...
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Primary and Secondary Data Primary Data Data collected first hand Brand new Allows for a high level of control Gives the experimenter familiarity Advantage = Researcher can collect exactly what they need Disadvantage = Costly and time consuming...
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Diffrent research meathods Case studies structured interviewsclinical interviewsobservationdata from the scorce detailed description of the individual
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Event sampling procedures Event sampling, also known as experience sampling: collecting data about a participants ongoing daily experiences as they unfold in their natural environment -obtained entirely out of there artificial laboratory setti...
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Research Methods: Levels of measurement Levels of MeasurementDifferent types of data: Nominal Data - Labels and names. Categorical / group data. Ordinal Data - Data that makes sense to put in rank order (e.g. Winners in a race) Interval Data - Accurate data...
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CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1Professionals in behavioural sciences rely on methods of science to gather & interpret information. Psychologists would observe & compare - need to decide what characteristics to observe. Need to record OBJEC...
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Small group research procedures quantitative (total number) or qualitative (content of the ideas produced) in person or virtuallygroups defined as two or more people strengths: interpersonal interactions rather than just one person in isolation, may...
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The Scientific Method 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Prediction 4. Experiment (test variable with observation) 5. Conclusion (rather rejects or supports hypothesis)
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GoConqr OriginalIntroduction to Research Methods notes
These notes offer different starting points for the unit. Sampling explains random sampling, while Chapter 8 looks at experimental designs. Chapter 10 covers relationships between variables, and Extraneous Variables focuses on factors that can affect an experiment.
How to use the notes
Start with Sampling if you want to review how a sample is selected. For a different focus, read the notes on self-report techniques, validity, reliability and ethical issues. You can also find notes on primary and secondary data, pilot studies and ethics.
As you read, make a short summary of each method or term. Compare it with another note on the same topic to see what it adds. When you want to check your understanding, switch to a quiz on the unit page; use a mind map if you want to see ideas arranged visually.
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Frequently asked questions
Which note should I start with?
Sampling is a useful starting point if you are reviewing how people are selected for research. It explains random sampling. If your current topic is experiments instead, Chapter 8 covers experimental designs, while Extraneous Variables looks at factors that may affect an experiment.
Are these notes free to use?
Yes. Every resource listed here is free to open and study without an account. The notes were made by GoConqr users, rather than by GoConqr. A free account also lets you save quiz scores and make your own quizzes, mind maps, flashcards and notes.
Which levels do the notes suit?
The collection includes university and secondary-level material. Some resources mention exams such as A-level Psychology and GCSE Sociology. University students and professional candidates can look for notes that match their topics, while school students and teachers can check individual resources for the level and content they need.