Second Language Acquisition and L1–L2 Differences

Start with an overview

The notes on second language acquisition offer a starting point for the topic. They introduce second language acquisition as both a general term for learning a second language and the name of a theory about that process. Follow them with a mind map titled Second Language Acquisition. Several maps share this title, so check their content to find an overview that suits you.

One map brings together stages of language acquisition, the Input Hypothesis and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Another includes Universal Grammar, scaffolding and the distinction between BICS and CALP.

Compare first and second language acquisition

For a comparison, look at Comparing and Contrasting L1 & L2 Acquisition. Its branches include neurological, cognitive, affective, linguistic and psychomotor considerations. The map L1 and L2 also groups similarities and differences alongside nature and nurture and psychological factors.

Use these maps to organize a comparison in your own notes. For example, list the considerations shown in one map, then check which related ideas appear in the other. A flowchart comparing first and second language acquisition offers another format for looking at the relationship.

Use maps and quizzes together

After exploring a map, try a quiz on the page and use it as a chance to practice. Then return to the maps to look again at ideas you want to understand more clearly. You can also use the flashcard decks alongside the maps as another way to study the material.

Place the topic in the unit

This page is a section of Language Acquisition and Learning in the English language subject. The map Second Language distinguishes acquisition and learning, offering a way to connect the topic with the unit’s broader focus. Choose a resource and use it to make your own notes or study materials.