Memory notes
208 notes by 123 users · Page 2 of 6
This Memory notes page gathers user-made Psychology notes on memory models, forgetting and eyewitness testimony. School students, university students and professional candidates can practise these topics, while teachers can find ready-made material. There are over 190 notes from more than 110 users, with resources for school and university study. Pick a note to get started.
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- Memory Processes112
- Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory113
- Types of Memory233
- Long-Term Memory230
- Models of Memory415
- Multi-Store Model of Memory443
- Working Memory Model308
- Levels of Processing30
- Reconstructive Memory31
- Forgetting175
- Amnesia24
- Eyewitness Testimony370
- Cognitive Interview98
- Memory Improvement Strategies39
- Learning and Memory69
Notes
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Multi-store model of memory - created from Mind Map The multi-store model of memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin) Representation of memory sees memory as transfer of info in 1 direction through 3 different stores.These 3 stores are: Each store differs in Capacity, Duration and...
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Individual Differences and Developmental Psychology in Memory Individual Differences The speed at which we can process information differs between individuals. Known as 'processing speed'. Due to differences in the speed at which people can process information and their short-te...
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Explanations for Forgetting Interference theory- Memory can be disruptive or interfered with by what we have learned previously we will in future. There are to ways which interference can cause forgetting. Proactive interference-when you cannot ...
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Multi Store Model Sensory memory.Information enters through the 5 senses where it stays for only fractions of a second. If attention is paid to it, it will be passed onto the Short term memory store. Short term memory.Information is en...
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Plan for Outline and evaluate the models of memory (12 marks) Multi-store model Working memory model Outline:
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Flashbulb Memory A flashbulb memory is a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which and piece of surprising and important (or emotionally arousing) new was heard. In 1977, the psychologist...
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Chapter 16 Linear notes Eyewitness Identification real life application e.g. legal system Face recognition: models e.g. IAC problematic bc based on familiar faces Pictorial and structural face descriptions, pictorial - external e.g. whole fa...
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Memory - created from Mind Map Working Memory Baddeley (1986) Experimental Obs. point to 2 STM + LTM coding info in different ways STM Info held in accoustic or speech based form. LTM coded in terms of meaning Brown (1958) observed forgetting rates...
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The working memory model Baddeley and Hitch 1974 - Short term only Articulary slave system, encodes acoustic data, The articulary loop acts as an inner voice for rehearsal whereas the phonological store acts as the inner ear. Acts as th...
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Memory MEMORY Jacobs and Miller- Evidence for the STM capacity. Lab experiment. Increasingly long digits. Told to recall in right order. Miller = STM capacity is 7+/- 2. Peterson and Peterson- Pt's read trigrams of cons...
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Phonological Loop model (Working Memory) - created from Mind Map developmental & cross-linguistic differences developmental differences cross-linguistic differences younger children have poorer recall performance on longer spoken words compared to same stimuli presented as images f...
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Untitled Memory Differences between STM and LTM STM LTM Encoding Baddeley Baddeley Capacity Miller Jacobs - Duration Peterson + Peterson Bahrick Baddely: STM lowest recall was acoustically similar (encode acoustically in STM) ...
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Chapter 7 Linear notes What are autobiographical memories? database of the self historical and personal context binds self to reality, guide interaction, continuity to experiences, free retrieval vs cued recall - better at different periods...
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Strategies for Memory Improvement Schemas:A schema is a mental concept which informs a person about what to expect from a variety of experiences and situations. Schemas are developed based on information provided by life experiences and are then store...
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Multistore model of memory by Atkinson and Shiffrin
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1_Memory Study Guide What is memory? (define it)the retention ( fact of keeping) information or experience over time Distinguish between memory encoding and memory storage. Encoding (input) info gets into our memory Storage- how informati...
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2_Memory Study Guide What is memory? (define it)the retention ( fact of keeping) information or experience over time Distinguish between memory encoding and memory storage. Encoding (input) info gets into our memory Storage- how informati...
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Eyewitness Testimony Misleading Information AO1Loftus and Palmer investigated how misleading information could distort eyewitness testimony accounts.Procedure:Forty-five American students formed an opportunity sample. This was a laborator...
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Memory Notes Short and Long Term Memory Capacity Jacobs found that the average span for digits was 9.3 items and 7.3 for letters. Miller reviewed this and concluded that the span of immediate memory was 7 +/- 2. Evalua...
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Memory (continued) & Memory: Structure and Processes II. Modern Models of Memory B. Levels of Processing Theory Craik and Lockhart--incoming stimuli are subjects to a series of different analyses; a memory trace for a stimulus consists of the record of processes carried...
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Working Memory - created from Mind Map CE: is involved in problem solving/decision-making. It also controls attention and plays a major role in planning and synthesizing information, not only from the subsidiary systems but also from LTM. It is flexible an...
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Eye Witness Testimony Eye Witness Testimony ENCODE RETAIN RETRIEVE Legal term for witnesses who give evidence in court, concerning the identity of a suspect
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Untitled Self administered interview Psychologist have developed and empirically tested investigative interview techniques with aim at obtaining more accurate information from witnesses. The most researched and developed inter...
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LTM : encoding and retrieval - created from Mind Map Encoding: process of acquiring information and transferring it into LTM(coding is the form in which information is represented e.g visually or by its sound) Retrieval: process of transferring information from LTM to w...
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Factors that influence accuracy Improves Recall Impairs Recall Yerkes-Dodson Law
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Essay Plans: Memory Outline and evaluate the role of the sensory register and short term memory, within the multi-store model. (16) Description Sensory Register: Sensory register takes in information through the echoic store (audio) and ...
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cognitive intervi cognitive interview a police technique for interviewing witnesses to a qcrime, which encourages them to recreate the original context in order to increase the accessibility of the stored information. the four key comp...
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Psychology 1. Define the terms "encoding" and "capacity" as they are used in cognitive psychology" (2 marks) Encoding - changing sensory experience into a form that can be used by a memory store. Capacity - Amount of information...
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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Loftus and Palmer LOFTUS AND PALMER: EXPERIMENT 1: Aim: To investigate how information supplied after an event influences a witness testimony, as memory can be altered when using leading questions after watching clips of a car crash. P...
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Memory - AQA Psychology Unit 1 GCSE - created from Mind Map Multi store model Encoding- Storage- Retrieval Sensory- very brief memory Short term - 7 chunks Long term - Lots of information Murdock Practical apps Learn lists of words with 2 secs per word. Then were told to recal...
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Age-related changes in encoding, retention and retrieval using studies of operant conditioning - created from Mind Map Early Life Skills: sucking & turning head = newborn gross motor skills [kicking legs] = 3-6 months independent motor skills [reaching] = 6-12 months fine motor control [manipulate objects = toddler Test Reactions to M...
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Constructive episodic simulation hypothesis “What the phenomenologist refers to as human time is what we also could call experienced time, that is, time as human meaning construction. It is precisely this meaningful gestalt of human temporality, I suggest, that...
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Notes Psychologists refer to our knowledge of how our minds work as ‘metacognition’, and of how memory works as ‘meta memory’.A study conducted on fingerprint analysis found that most fingerprint experts would change their ...
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Chapter 16 theories and theorists Eyewitness Identification and Line-ups Bruce and Young 1986 face recog Burton et al 1990 IAC face recog Ness - chapter author - pictorial/structural Wells 1978 - estimator and system variables Wells and Olson 2001 - s...
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Learning and Remembering Long-Term Memory Memory stages:1. Encoding: putting2. Storage: keeping3. Retrieval: pulling Taxonomy of LTM
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Multi-Store Model of Memory - created from Mind Map Capacity The amount of information that can be held in the memory at any one time Sensory Memory: Visual information that are being experienced at the given moment. Short-term Memory: 7+-2 items: Miller proposed that ...
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Memory Jacobs - Capacity experiment: Jacobs gave participants a series of either digits/letters and asked them to repeat them He then added more digits/letters until the participant couldn't repeat them accurately He found t...
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Multi-Store Model of Memory - created from Mind Map Capacity The amount of information that can be held in the memory at any one time Sensory Memory: Visual information that are being experienced at the given moment. Short-term Memory: 7+-2 items: Miller proposed that ...
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The Multi-Store Model The Multi-Store Model AO1The multi-store model of memory was produced by Atkinson and Shiffrin and is a structured model. They proposed that memory consisted of three stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM) ...
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Memory - created from Mind Map Studying Memory encoding storage retrieval getting info into the memory system retaining encoded info over time getting info out of the memory stage Working Memory short-term memory that stresses conscious active proc...