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psychology test
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- 1definition of learningRelatively permanent change in a behavioral tendency that results from experience
- 2classical conditioningform of behavioral learning in which a stimulus that produces an innate reflex becomes associated with a neutral stimulus
- 3Ivan Pavlov studythe role of saliva in the digestion of dogs
UR: dog salivates in response to seeing food
Conditioning: every time the dog sees food, a bell is rung
Conditioned response: dog salivates in response to the bell ringing - 4unconditioned stimulusstimulus that elicits an unconditioned response
- 5unconditioned responseunlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus
- 6neutral stimulusstimulus that doesn't elicit a response; results in no reaction
- 7conditioned stimuluspreviously neutral stimulus that after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response
- 8conditioned responsean automatic (learned) response established by training to the previously neutral stimulus
- 9generalizationtendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit a similar response as the conditioned stimuli
- 10discriminationlearned ability to distinguish between CS and other stimuli that do not signal a US
- 11extinctionCR is no longer reinforced. Causes the behavior to stop
- 12Spontaneous recoverythe reappearance of a CR that had been extinguished
- 13operant conditioninga type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior. different from classical because rewards are given
- 14psychologists about operant conditioningEdward Thorndike
B.F. Skinner - 15difference between positive and negative operant conditioningpositive adds a pleasant stimulus while negative takes away an unpleasant stimulus
- 16difference between punishment and reinforcementreinforcement increases the likelihood of behavior while punishment decreases the likelihood of behavior
- 17problem with punishmentit is thought of as a bad thing
- 18positive reinforcementadd pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
- 19negative reinforcementremove unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior
- 20positive punishmentadd unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
- 21negative punishmentremove pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
- 22latent learninglearning that occurs but is not apparent until the learner has an incentive to demonstrate it
- 23example of latent learninglearning to drive
- 24cognitive mapa mental representation of a maze
- 25who came up with the cognitive mapEdward Tolman using rats in a maze
- 26insight learningsuddenly figure out how to solve a puzzle after several failed attempts
- 27example of insight learningthe smart chimpanzee
- 28learned helplessnessthe hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated unwanted events or outcomes
- 29example of learned helplessnessbaby elephants tied up think that they can't escape when they're HUGE and can obviously break the rope
- 30observational learninga form of cognitive learning in which new responses are acquired after watching others' behavior and the consequences of their behavior
- 31modelthe person whose behavior the subject watched and imitates
- 32modelingthe process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
- 33bandora's bobo doll experimentafter watching adults hit a clown doll, children imitated the same behavior
- 34token economyevery time a desired behavior is performed, a token is given
- 35example of token economystarbucks in middle school
- 36chart boi
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- Psychology Fichas sobre psychology test, creado por Cooper Kane el 05/12/2018.
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- Cooper Kane
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