Fichas
Token Economy
Fichas del conjunto (7)
- 1Token EconomyReinforcement
- Operant conditioning
- Tokens can be used to obtain desirable goods: items bought with tokens act as reinforcers
- Target behaviours may be clearly specified - 2Token EconomyPunishment
- Removal of tokens due to undesirable behaviours
Shaping
- Longer-term objectives or complex behaviours consisting of smaller components - 3Key Study: Hobbs and Holt (1976) > Adolescent delinquents (12-15yrs) > Reduce bad social behaviour before and after dinnerProcedure: Staff received training 3x 4hrs and 2x weekly over 3 months
> Identify & define target behaviour, discuss methods of observing & recording data
> 125 male delinquents living in 4 cottages (1 control = no tokens)
> Data was collected before tokens were instated - 4Key Study: Hobbs and Holt (1976)Findings:
> Baseline mean % for social behaviours before the boys were given tokens (66%, 47%, & 73%) for the 3 cottages
> Increased post-token (91%, 81% & 94%)
> Avg increase of 27%
> Control group showed no increase - 5EvaluationAdvantages of other methods of rehab
> Nomothetic
> Clearly defined and easy to implement
> Used without trained psychologists - 6EvaluationEthical Issues
> Violates human rights as behaviour is manipulated, often without consent
> Procedures should be agreed upon by prisoners, officers & administrators
> Some prisoners are unable to earn tokens as they are unable to control behaviour & therefore refused privileges or necessities - 7EvaluationShort and long-term goals
> Short-term = improves behaviour with a goal that seems achievable
> Have little effect on re-offending rates
> When the rewards cease and link becomes extinct
> May be rewarded for natural behaviours to re-integrate into society
Información
- Descripción
- A level (Forensic Psychology) Psychology Fichas sobre Token Economy, creado por Chanelle Titchener el 11/04/2019.
- Creado por
- Chanelle Titchener
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- Valoración
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