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Explanations for forgetting
Fichas del conjunto (14)
- 1What are the two explanations of forgetting?Retrieval failure
Interference - 2What are the two types of retrieval failure?Context-dependent
State-dependent - 3What is context-dependent retrieval failure?We rely on external retrieval cues to recall information.
- 4Give two pieces of research that support context-dependent retrieval .Godden and Baddeley (1975) got divers to remember information either on land or underwater. They found that recall was worse when recalling in a different context. (not applicable to all forms of forgetting e.g. recognition)
Abernathy (1940) found people performed worse when being tested in an unfamiliar room. - 5What is state-dependent retrieval?Retrieval is dependent on internal cues
- 6Give two pieces of research to support State-dependent retrieval failure.Overton (1972) got participants to learn something when either drunk or sober. He found recall was worse when in a different internal state.
Darely et al. (1973) found similar results when participants hid things whilst high on marijuana. - 7What is retrieval failure?When information in the LTM cannot be accessed.
Tulving (1973) referred to it as the 'encoding-specificity principle' - that recall is dependent on accessing the retrieval cue. - 8What are the two different types of Interference?Proactive
Retreactive - 9What is Proactive Interference?When previously-learned information interferes with new information being learned.
- 10What is Retroactive Interference?New information interferes with previously-learned information.
- 11Give the aim and procedure for McGeoch and McDonald (1931)Aim - To investigate the effects of memory
Procedure - Participants were given a list of 10 words to remember. They were then put in conditions: synonyms, antonyms, unrelated words, consonant syllables, three digit numbers and no other list to remember - 12What were the findings and conclusions of McGeoch and MacDonald's study (1931)?Findings - the most similar list produced the worst recall
Conclusion - interference is strongest when memories are similar - 13Name one strength and one weakness of McGeoch and MacDonald's study (1931)?Weakness - Low mundane realism
Strength - Baddeley and Hitch (1977)'s study on rugby players provides research support - 14What are the weaknesses of Interference?Mundane realism - low external validity
Doesn't explain the underlying cognitive processes
Limited explanation - only when two things are similar
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- A level (Memory) Psychology Fichas sobre Explanations for forgetting, creado por Bethany Barnes el 25/11/2019.
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- Bethany Barnes
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