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Attachment Review
Fichas del conjunto (40)
- 1Who found that the father played the role of a playmate due to their physical, exciting and unpredictable play?Geiger (1996)
- 2Who found that fathers could develop sensitive responsiveness when in the role of the main caregiver?Lamb (1987)
- 3What factors affect the relationship between the father and the child?Supportive co-parenting Martial intimacy Relationship to father's own parent's Degree of sensitivity
- 4What 5 factors improve the bond between the caregiver and the infant?Bodily contact
Reciprocity
Mimicking
Caregiverese Interactional synchrony - 5Who found research support for bodily contact?Klaus and Kennel (1976) - mothers who had more bodily contact were more affectionate later on, impacting how hospitals deal with mother and child
- 6Who found that children as young as 3 weeks could mimick an innate ability?Meltzoff and Moore (1977)
- 7Who found that Caregiverese was cross-cultural?Papaousek (1991)
- 8What is interactional synchrony?Infants move in tune with their carer's language. Brazelton referred to it as a dance.
- 9What did Isabella et al. (1989) find?Infants with secure attachment displayed interactional synchrony
- 10What was the procedure of the study conducted by Schaffer and Emerson (1964)?A longitudinal study of 60 newborn babies. Studied once a month for the first year and then at 18 months, conducting observations and interviews to measure seperation and stranger anxiety.
- 11What did Schaffer and Emerson (1964) find in their study?At around 7 months, specific attachment forms and at 18 months, 87% had two or more attachments
- 12When is the Asocial stage of attachment?2 months
- 13When is the Indiscriminate stage of attachment?2-7 months
- 14When is the Specific stage of attachment?7 - 11 months
- 15When is the Multiple stage of attachment?11 months+
- 16How many studies of the Strange Situation did Van Izjendoorn and Kroonenberg study?32 across 8 countries
- 17How does attachment impact childhood relationships (research)?Kerns (1994) found that securely attached children had the best childhood friendships
- 18How does attachment impact adult relationships (research)?Hazan and Shaver (1987) found: Secure - healthy relationship Avoidant - difficult to connect Resistant - extreme emotions People are often similar to their own parents
- 19Describe Bowlby's 44 thieves study.Compared 44 juvenile thieves with a control of non-thieves 32% of thieves had affectionless psychopathy, 0% of the control did 86% of the psychs experienced maternal deprivation compared to 17% of non-psych
- 20How does Goldfarb's research support Institutionalisation?Goldfarb (1943) compared 15 children raised in isolation to 15 given to a foster home by their mothers At age 3, the isolated children were less developed than the fostered
- 21What did Tizard and Hodges (1978) find about institutionalised children?Those who were adopted had strong attachments to their parents but trouble relating to their peers
- 22Describe Rutter et al. (1998)Investigated whether loving care can overcome the effects of privation through studying 111 children He found they all improved after being adopted, especially those adopted early
- 23Name the three studies into long-term deprivation.Furstenberg and Kiernan (2001) - divorce led to lower social development Rodgers and Pryor (1998) - children through multiple divorces had the most behavioural problems Hetherington and Stanley-Hagan (1999) found only 25% experienced long-term problems
- 24Describe Curtiss and Rymer's case study. on GenieBoth studied Genie, a girl who was isolated and strapped to a potty seat until she was 13, who could not stand or speak. In 6 years, she improved her IQ from 38 years to 74 in 6 years
- 25Describe Freud and Dann's case study into the Bulldog Banks children.Analysed the 6 Bulldog Banks children, who had been in a Nazi concentration camp aged 3-4. Hostile to adults, forming bonds with each other but not with adults. The study contradicts Bowlby's idea that privation causes lasting damage.
- 26What does PDD stand for?Protest
Despair
Detachment - 27Describe Rutter and Quinton (1976) on short-term separation.Found that children under 5 who were separated from their caregiver had more behavioural problems than a control
- 28What is the weakness of the theory of short-term separation?Correlation, not causation Barrett (1997) found individual differences are important Robertson and Robertson (1971) found that providing another attachment can prevent this damage
- 29What did Rutter's study investigate (1998)?The effects of early privation
- 30What was the procedure of Rutter's study?A longitudinal study of 3 groups of 111 children Group 1 - adopted before 6 months Group 2 - adopted between 6 months and 2 years Group 3 - adopted after 2 years Control - 52 adopted British children
- 31What were the findings of Rutter's study?50% of Romanian orphans were retarded at initial assessment, the control group were not At 4, the orphans showed great improvement, with Group 1 performing as well as the control
- 32What were the issues with Rutter's study?Only some children received clinical investigation and does not analyse contributory factors Only assessed up to 4 years - O'Connor et al. (1999) long term -making attachments Rutter did a follow up at 11 and found 1/2 of those with disinhibited attachment at age 6 had it at this stage
- 33What was the result of the Strange Situation?70% secure 15% avoidant 15% resistant Sensitive responsiveness was the main factor in good attachment
- 34Define Secure attachment.Moderate stranger/separation anxiety Healthy reunion with their mother
- 35Define Insecure-avoidant attachmentLow stranger/separation anxiety Indifferent to their mother
- 36Define Insecure-avoidant attachmentHigh separation/stranger anxiety Resistant to comfort on the reunion
- 37What are the weaknesses of Ainsworth's study?Attachment type may change over time Lacks ecological validity
May be due to individual relationship NOT the infant - 38What is the Internal Working Model?The primary attachment provides a template for all future relationships
- 39What are the weaknesses of Bowlby's monotropic theory?Social implications
Schaffer and Emerson found children form multiple attachments Deterministic - 40What are the strengths and weaknesses of an animal study?Strengths - scientific and applicable Weakness - generalisability and ethics
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- A level Psychology Fichas sobre Attachment Review, creado por Bethany Barnes el 04/02/2020.
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- Bethany Barnes
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