Fichas
Respiratory System
Fichas del conjunto (76)
- 1What is pulmonary ventilation?Movement of air into and out of lungs
- 2What is external (pulmonary) respiration?Exchange of gases between air in lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries
- 3What are the two ways O2 is transported?Bound to hemoglobin
Dissolved in plasma - 4What are the 3 ways CO2 is transported?As a bicarbonate ion
Bound to hemoglobin
Dissolved in plasma - 5What is internal (tissue) respiration?Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells
(Oxygen diffuses from blood to tissues) - 6What is included in upper respiratory tract?Head and neck
Nose, nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx - 7What is included in lower respiratory tract?Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- 8Where does conducting division end?Bronchi (terminal bronchioles)
- 9What are the boundaries of the pharynx?From posterior nasal apertures to beginning of esophagus
- 10What is the glottis composed of?True vocal cords
and
Rima glottidis (opening) - 11What are the four layers of the trachea?Mucosa
Submucosa
Tracheal cartilage
Adventitia - 12What are the primary bronchi?Main bronchi
- 13Secondary bronchi?Lobar bronchi
- 14Tertiary bronchi?Segmental bronchi
- 15What do the segmental bronchi branch into?Bronchioles
- 16What do bronchioles branch into?Terminal bronchioles
- 17What does the respiratory division include?Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli - 18What are the four layers of the trachea? From lumen outwardsMucosa
Submusoca
Tracheal cartilage
Adventitia - 19Where does the respiratory division of the respiratory system begin?Respiratory bronchioles
- 20What do respiratory bronchioles branch into?Alveolar ducts
- 21What do alveolar ducts give rise to?Alveolar sacs
- 22What do alveolar sacs contain?Alveoli
- 23What do Type I Alveolar cells do?They are the cells across which gas exchange occurs
They form the membrane of alveoli - 24What do Type II alveolar cells do?Secrete pulmonary surfactant
- 25What is the respiratory membrane composed of?Type I alveolar cell
Shared basement membrane
Endothelial cell of pulmonary capillary - 26What is the space between the lungs called?Mediastinum
- 27What is inflammation of the pleura called?Pleurisy
- 28What enters and exits through the hilum of the lungs?Bronchi
Pulmonary blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves - 29What is Boyle's Law?Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
- 30What is atmospheric pressure?Pressure exerted by air molecules outside the body
~760mmHg - 31What is intrapulmonary pressure?Pressure of air in the alveoli
- 32What is intrapleural pressure?Pressure within the pleural cavity
- 33What is transpulmonary pressure?Difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures
Pressure across the wall of the lung - 34What is the name for lung collapse?Atelectasis
- 35What can cause atelectasis?Pneumothorax (air in pleural cavity)
Hemothorax (blood in pleural cavity) - 36What is eupnea?Normal quiet breathing
- 37ApneaTemporary cessation of breathing
- 38DyspneaPainful or labored breathing
- 39TachypneaRapid breathing
- 40Kussmaul breathingdeep, rapid breathing caused by acidosis
- 41What is compliance?Expandability of the lungs
- 42Tidal volumeVolume of air entering or leaving lungs in one breath under resting conditions
- 43Inspiratory Reserve VolumeVolume of air maximally inspired over and above resting tidal volume
- 44Expiratory Reserve Volumevolume of air maximally expired after exhaling resting tidal volume
- 45Residual volumeVolume of air left in lungs after maximal expiration
- 46Total Lung CapacityMaximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximal inspiratory effort
- 47Formula for Total Lung Capacity (TLC)RV + ERV+ TV +IRV
- 48Vital CapacityMaximum amount of air that can be moved in and out of lungs with a maximal inspiration and maximal expiration
- 49Formula for Vital CapacityERV + TV + IRV
- 50What is anatomical dead space?Volume of air in conducting airways
NOT AVAILABLE for gas exchange because it never reaches the alveoli - 51What is minute ventilation?volume of air breathed in in one minute
- 52What is alveolar ventilation?Volume of air reaching the alveoli in one minute
Volume of air available for gas exchange in one minute - 53Formula for alveolar ventilation(TV - Anatomical dead space) x RR
- 54What is partial pressure?Measure of concentration of a gas
- 55What is Dalton's Law?Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted individually by each gas
- 56Why does alveolar air have less O2 and more CO2 than inspired air?The oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out
- 57Why does expired air have more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than alveolar air?It is mixed with anatomical dead space air which is oxygen rich
- 58If the O2-Hb curve shifts down and to the right...Hb binds O2 LESS TIGHTLY
(Will let go of it more easily) - 59Which was does acid shift the O2-Hb curve?Down and to the right
- 60Which way does high temperature shift the O2-Hb curve?Down and to the right
- 61The fetal O2-Hb curve is shifted -Up and to the left
O2 binds more tightly which helps transfer oxygen from the mother's blood to the fetus - 62What is hypoxia?Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
- 63What percent of CO2 is dissolved in plasma?7%
- 64What percent of CO2 is combined with hemoglobin?23%
- 65What percent of CO2 dissociates into bicarbonate ion?70%
- 66What does carbonic anhydrase do?Converts CO2+H2O to H2CO3
- 67Where is the respiratory center located?Medulla oblongata and pons
- 68Where are central chemoreceptors located?Medulla oblongata
- 69What do central chemoreceptors do?Sense partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion in CSF
- 70Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?Aortic and carotid bodies
- 71What do peripheral chemoreceptors do?Sense PCO2 and H+ in arterial blood
- 72How do proprioceptors affect breathing?Sense movement of muscles which stimulates inspiration
- 73How do stretch receptors affect respiration?Sense OVERinflation of lungs and STOP inspiration to prevent excessive inflation
- 74What reflex do stretch receptors initiate?Stretch reflex or Hering-Breuer reflex
- 75How do irritant receptors work?Stimulated by particulates in the airways, trigger coughing, breath-holding, bronchoconstriction and shallow breathing
- 76Why do smokers feel winded during exercise?Nicotine constricts the terminal bronchioles which decreases airflow
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- 1 JT Fichas sobre Respiratory System, creado por Haley Cordova el 16/04/2015.
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- Haley Cordova
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