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Attachment: learning theory, Bowlby and Strange Situation
Fichas del conjunto (20)
- 1AttachmentA two way reciprocal emotional link that forms between child and its primary care giver over time, shown in their behaviour
- 2Learning TheoryClassical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning - 3Classical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus --> Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus + Unconditioned Stimulus --> Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus --> Conditioned Response - 4Operant ConditioningFood (primary reinforcer)= pleasure
Mum = food
Mum (secondary reinforcer)= pleasure
Attachment is because mum provided food - 5Strength of Learning TheoryWe do learn by association and reinforcement- it is an adequate explanation
- 6Weakness of Learning TheoryEvidence from Harlow's Monkeys
Non-human (human behaviour is more influenced by high order thinking)
Over simplified - 7Schaffer and Emerson60 infants in own homes for 18 months
Caregivers interviewed
Attachments formed not necessarily with person that fed them but with primary care giver that was most responsive to their needs - 8LorenzImprinting- geese
one group with mother one with Lorenz - 9Bowlby's Evolutionary theory of attachmentAdaptive: it increases infants chance of survival
Social Releasers: Characteristics that illicit caregiving
Critical Period: 6-9 months
Monitory: number of attachments but primary caregiver most important
Internal Working model: template for future relationships - 10Evaluation of BowlbyRutter: Multiple attachment model (infant-Father)
Schaffer and Emerson- Monotropy
Hazan and Shaver: Love quiz - 11Love Quiz Hazan and Shaver620 responses
two components: 1) measure of attachment type 2) a love experience questionnaire
correlation between attachment type and relationships - 12Strange Situation26 mothers and infants from Baltimore
Record infant behaviour under different situations - 13Secure AttachmentDon't cry if caregiver leaves.
Seek contact when anxious.
Easily soothed.
Comfortable with social interaction. - 14Insecure-AvoidantAvoid social interaction
Little response to separation
Don't seek proximity upon reunion
Happy to explore without caregiver - 15Insecure-ResistantSeek and reject social interaction
Intense distress upon separation
Conflicting desires upon reunion - 16Caregiver Sensitivity HypothesisMothers of securely attached children are more sensitive and responsive
Mothers of insecure-avoidant children ignore them and are distant
Mothers of insecure-resistant children are unreliable and put their own needs first - 17Strengths of Strange SituationGood reliability- when comparing the ratings made by a panel of experienced judges, they found almost perfect agreement.
Inter-rater reliability - 18Limitations of Strange SituationProtection of Pps: when alone 20% cried desperately
Validity: only measures relationship with mother - 19Van Ijzendoorn and KroonenbergMeta analysis 32 studies
Small variation between cultures- Secure attachment most common
Large variation within cultures - 20Evaluation Imposed eticStrange Situation ethnocentric
Germany- High insecure-avoidant
Japan and Israel- High insecure resistant
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- A-level Psychology Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por rebecal98 el 30/04/2015.
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