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Midterm

rainey dunham Geog 491 Undergraduate Inglés 50 fichas

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  1. 1What are the six components of GIS?hardware, software, network, data, people, procedures
  2. 2neogeographydevelopments in web mapping technology and spatial data infrastructures
  3. 3datuma model of earth (several different models exist)
  4. 4What is the shape of the shortest distance between two points on a spherean arc
  5. 5What kind of distortion does the Robinson projection haveDistance, size, shape, and direction
  6. 6Three basic types of map projectionscylindrical, planar, and conic
  7. 7characteristics of the cylindrical projectionno distortion along the equator, cannot project the poles
  8. 8Characteristics of the secant conic projectiontwo standard parallels with no distortion
  9. 9Describe the UTM zones20, 6-degree zones, zone I starts at 180 degrees directly opposite the prime meridian, any zone outside the prime meridian will have distortion
  10. 10vectormade of points likes and polygons
  11. 11rastermade of pixels where each pixel is assigned a value based on class
  12. 12interpolationnot all pixels have assigned values so those in between are given values based on those around them
  13. 13What do you include in an area-polyline list if the polygon contains an islanda zero before the island lines
  14. 14What does TIN stand for? What are they?Triangulated irregular networks, a topological data structure that manages information about the nodes comprising each triangle and the neighbors of each triangle
  15. 15Pros and cons of the TIN modelPros () density of sampled points can be adjusted to reflect relief, incorporate original sample points, and easy to calculate elevation, slope, aspect, and line-of-sight
    cons () extreme high and low values as there is no smoothing, can't deal with discontinuity of slop across boundaries, difficult to calculate optimum routes
  16. 16geometric vs attribute infogeometric defines space, attribute gives info about space
  17. 17Databasean integrated set of data on a particular subject
  18. 18Geographic databasedatabases containing geographic data for a particular area and subject
  19. 19DBMSDatabase management system: software application designed to organize the efficient and effective storage and access of data
  20. 20RDBMSRelational DBMS: comprises a set of tables, each a two-dimensional list or records containing attributes about the objects under study
  21. 21ODBMSObject DBMS: designed to address weaknesses of RDBMS (inability to store complete objects directly in the database/poor performance for many types of geographic query
  22. 22ORDBMSObject-relational DBMS: an RDBMS engine with an extensibility framework for handling objects
  23. 23SQLthe standard database query language adopted by virtually all mainstream databases
  24. 24DDLa type of SQL used to create, alter, and delete relational database structures
  25. 25DMLa type of SQL used to retrieve and manipulate data
  26. 26DCLa type of SQL used to handle authorization and access
  27. 27LBSLocation-based services: information service provided by a device that knows where it is and is capable of modifying the information it provides based on that knowledge
  28. 28examples of LBScredit cards, GPS
  29. 29The Geoweba vision of the future????
  30. 30schemathe structure of the geodatabase, feature classes, tables, and any other components you may have
  31. 31feature classa collection of features that have the same attribute fields, geometry type, and spatial reference
  32. 32What are the four data models that we discussed?(1) CAD/graphic/image (2) raster (3) data (4) object
  33. 33equidistanttrue distance from the center of the map to other places along standard lines
  34. 34What projection is a circle map most likely to be?planar
  35. 35secant case'paper' goes through the surface of the earth
  36. 36tangent case'paper' touches the surface of the earth
  37. 37cartesian coordinatemeasured with distance along the x and y axis
  38. 38how many satellites does three-dimensional positioning require? two-dimensional (missing elevation)?4; 3
  39. 39classa collection of objects of the same type
  40. 40instancesindividual objects in a class
  41. 41Which actions cause a change in schema? A. Changing the shape of a polygon B. Digitizing a new line C. Updating an attribute value D. Deleting a fieldD; deleting a field
  42. 42Question 12 - The coordinate system is a property of the geodatabase, so all feature classes and feature datasets within the geodatabase must share the same coordinate system. A. True B. FalseB; flase
  43. 43Which data format is similar to a feature class in a geodatabase in that it only stores features that have the same geometry type? A. GRID B. Shapefile C. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet D. AutoCad .DGN fileB; shapefile
  44. 44What is snapping?The snapping feature joins vertices to prevent any overlap or spacing between features
  45. 45In what situation would you turn snapping off?When polygons/lines/points must overlap
  46. 46tolerancea set distance within which nodes/lines will snap together if the snapping tool is being used
  47. 47How many points are required for a spline transformation?10
  48. 48Why you should not confuse a low RMS error with an accurate registration?The RMS value depends on the transformation applied to the points and not the quality of the points themselves.
  49. 49Bilinear interpolationused with continuous data, assigns values based on weighted averages of the four cells surrounding it
  50. 50Nearest neighbor interpolationdiscrete or categorical data, assigns a value based on the closest center cell

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Undergraduate Geog 491 Fichas sobre Midterm, creado por rainey dunham el 30/09/2022.
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rainey dunham
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