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PSY - 160 chapter 6
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- 1what is memorythe retention of information or experience over time
- 2memory is the result of what three processesencoding, storage, retrieval
- 3what is encodingthe process by which information gets into memory storage
- 4How does encoding workto begin encoding the subject must pay attention, and repetition increases encoding
- 5what is selective attentionfocusing on a specific aspect of an experience while ignoring others
- 6what is divided attentionconcentrating on more than one activity at the same time
- 7what is sustained attentionthe ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged time
- 8what is sustained attentionthe ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged time
- 9what is executive functiondirecting attention to engage in higher level cognitive functioning
- 10what are the steps in executive attentionplan action, allocate attention to goals, detect errors, and compensate for them, monitor progress, deal with difficult circumstances.
- 11What are levels of processinga continuum of memory processing from shallow to deep with deeper processing producing better memory
- 12What is elaborationThe formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at a given level of memory and coding
- 13what is self-referenceRelating material to your own experience to better elaborate on it
- 14What is Allan Pavio's dual code theoryMemory for picture is better than memory for words because pictures are stored as both image codes and verbal codes
- 15Atkinson-shiffrin theory (AS theory)theory that says memory storage involves three separate systems
- 16what are the three systems in the AS theorysensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory
- 17What is sensory memoryinvolves holding information from the world in its original sensory form for only an instant
- 18what is short term memoryLimited capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer
- 19According to George Miller how much information can people store without aidspeople can typically keep track of a range of 7 +or- 2 items
- 20What is memory spanthe amount of information and individual can report back in order after a single presentation
- 21What are some strategies for short term memory retentionchunking and rehearsal
- 22what is chunkingthe grouping of information into larger sets to help remember
- 23what is rehersalthe conscious repetition of information
- 24what is working memorya combination of components including short term memory and attention that allow individuals to hold information temporarily as they perform cognitive tasks
- 25Alan Baddeley's model of working memory had what three partsphonological loop, visual spatial sketchpad, and central executive
- 26what is Long term memorystores huge amounts of information for a long time
- 27what is explicit memorythe conscious recollection of information that can be verbally communicated
- 28What are the two parts of explicit memoryepisodic memory, and semantic memory
- 29what is episodic memoryinformation about where, when and what of life's happenings
- 30what is semantic memoryknowledge about the world
- 31what is implicit memorymemory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience
- 32what are the two parts of implicit memoryprocedural memory, priming, and the process of classical conditioning
- 33what is procedural memorythe memory of how to perform a specific task
- 34what is primingthe activation of information already in storage to help remember new information faster
- 35what is a schemaa preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people organize and interpret information
- 36what is a scripta schema for an event often containing information about physical features, people, and typical occurences
- 37what is connectionismthe theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons
- 38what is parallel distributed processingwhen several neural connections work together to process a single memory
- 39what is consolidationthe process by which interconnected networks are formed
- 40what is long term potentiationthe concept that if two neurons are activated at the same time the connection between them may be strengthened
- 41what is retrevailthe memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage
- 42what is the serial position affectthe tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in the middle
- 43what is recalla memory task in which the person must retrieve previously learned information
- 44what is recognitiona memory task in which the person typically only has to identify learned items
- 45what is autobiographical memorya special form of episodic memory consisting of a person's recollection of their own experiences
- 46what is reminiscence bumpthe phenomenon whereby adults remember more events form the second or third decades of their life than other decades
- 47what is flashbulb memorythe memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events
- 48what is motivated forgettingforgetting that occurs when something is so painful that remembering it is intolerable
- 49what is interference theoryit states that people forget not just because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way
- 50what is proactive interferencematerial that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of memory that was learned later
- 51what is retroactive interferencematerial that was learned later disrupts the recall of material that was learned later
- 52what is decay theorywhen an individual learns something new a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrates
- 53what is the Tip of the tongue phenomenon (TOT)a type of effortful retrieval associated with feeling that we know something but cannot quite pull it out of memory
- 54what is prospective memoryremembering information about doing something in the future (I.E. do laundry later)
- 55what is retrospective memoryremembering something from the past
- 56what is amnesiathe loss of memory
- 57what is anterograde amnesiaa memory disorder that affects the retention of new information and events
- 58what is retrograde amnesiamemory loss of a segment of the past but not for new events
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- Psychology Fichas sobre PSY - 160 chapter 6, creado por jh - study el 11/04/2025.
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- jh - study · abr 2025
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- 11 abr 2025
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