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Chapter 6 Key Terms
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- 1MemoryThe ability to store and retrieve information over time.
- 2EncodingThe process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory.
- 3StorageThe process of maintaining information over time.
- 4RetrievalThe process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored.
- 5Semantic EncodingThe process of relating new info in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory.
- 6Visual Imagery EncodingThe process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures.
- 7Organizational EncodingThe process of categorizing info according to the relationships among a series of items.
- 8Sensory MemoryA type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less.
- 9Iconic MemoryA fast-decaying store of visual information.
- 10Echoic MemoryA fast-decaying store of auditory information.
- 11Short-Term MemoryA type of storage that holds non-sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute.
- 12RehearsalThe process of keeping info in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.
- 13ChunkingCombining small pieces of info into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory.
- 14Working MemoryActive maintenance of information in short-term storage.
- 15Long-Term MemoryA type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years.
- 16Anterograde AmnesiaThe inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store.
- 17Retrograde AmnesiaThe inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or surgery.
- 18ConsolidationThe process by which memories become stable in the brain.
- 19ReconsolidationMemories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again.
- 20Long-Term Potentation (LTP)A process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier.
- 21Retrieval CueExternal information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind.
- 22Encoding Specificity PrincipleThe idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which info was initially encoded.
- 23State-Dependent RetrievalThe tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval.
- 24Transfer-Appropriate ProcessingThe idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match.
- 25Retrieval-Induced ForgettingA process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items.
- 26Explicit MemoryOccurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences.
- 27Implicit MemoryThe influence of past experiences on later behaviour and performance, even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection.
- 28Procedural MemoryThe gradual acquisition of skills as a result of "practice", or "knowing how" to do things.
- 29PrimingAn enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus.
- 30Semantic MemoryA network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world.
- 31Episodic MemoryThe collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
- 32TranscienceForgetting what occurs with the passage of time.
- 33Retroactive InterferenceSituations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier.
- 34Proactive InterferenceSituations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later.
- 35AbsentmindednessA lapse in attention that results in memory failure.
- 36Prospective MemoryRemembering to do things in the future.
- 37BlockingA failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it.
- 38Memory MisattributionAssigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source.
- 39Source MemoryRecall of when, where, and how information was acquired.
- 40False RecognitionA feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before.
- 41SuggestibiltyThe tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections.
- 42BiasThe distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences.
- 43PersistenceThe intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget.
- 44Flashbulb MemoriesDetailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events.
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- Intro Psychology Fichas sobre Chapter 6 Key Terms, creado por Kristen Plandowski el 17/12/2015.
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- Kristen Plandowski
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