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Evolutionary Aggression - Jealousy
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- 1Males and females differ inthe types of jealousy they are likely to feel and express.
- 2As males do not havepaternity confidence,
- 3they will bemore jealous of sexual infidelity
- 4becauseif their mate has sex with someone else he cannot be sure the offspring is his and carrying his genes.
- 5However, since females havehigh parental investment
- 6they will bemore jealous of emotional infidelity
- 7becauseif their mate falls in love with someone else he is likely to leave her and her offspring taking his resources, making it harder for them to survive.
- 8As a result of this she willemploy various strategies such as verbal aggression to try and ensure that this does not occur.
- 9Buss found thatmen are significantly more likely than women to make threats of violence towards other men who were perceived to have made sexual advances towards their mate.
- 10Females, in contrast aremore likely to use verbal aggression towards rivals,
- 11often targeting theattractiveness and sexual conduct of rivals
- 12to try andreduce their attractiveness in the eyes of the male.
- 13This also has theadaptive advantage of not damaging her physical appearance,
- 14crucial if she is toretain and mate with a high status male.
- 15CuckoldryCuckoldry
- 16Unlike women, men can neverbe completely sure that they are the father of their child
- 17putting them atrisk of cuckoldry.
- 18This is theinvestment of scarce resources into an offspring that is not his own
- 19meaning thatthese resources become unavailable to any existing children
- 20and possiblypreventing him from having any more children.
- 21The adaptive functions ofmale sexual jealousy, therefore
- 22would be todeter the female from infidelity
- 23therebyminimising the risk of cuckoldry.
- 24This may well involveviolence of the threat of violence,
- 25which, if successful wouldclearly be an adaptive strategy for the male.
- 26Mate RetentionMate Retention
- 27Buss suggested thatmales have a number of strategies
- 28which have evolvedspecifically for the purpose of retaining a mate.
- 29These include restrictingtheir partners autonomy ('direct guarding')
- 30coupled with'negative inducements', in the form of violence or threats of violence.
- 31This aggression is adaptive for men becauseit reduces the exposure of their mate to other males
- 32and alsoacts as a disincentive for their mate to be unfaithful because she will be fearful of the consequences.
- 33AO2 Those who are perceivedby their partners to be threatening infidelity through their behaviour (e.g. flirting)
- 34should be moreat risk of violence than those who are not.
- 35This contention has been supported byDobash and Dobash
- 36who looked atnumerous cases of 'battered women'
- 37and found that in the majority of casesthe women cited extreme jealousy on the part of their partner as the main cause of the violence inflicted upon them.
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- A-Level (Aggression) Psychology Fichas sobre Evolutionary Aggression - Jealousy, creado por hannahsmith77 el 24/03/2016.
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