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Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory
Fichas del conjunto (12)
- 1What does 'coding' mean?The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores
- 2How is information encoded in STM and LTM?STM - Acoustically (sound)
LTM - Semantically (meaning) - 3Describe Baddeley's study on researching codingGave different lists of words to 4 groups of participants to remember:
- Group 1 (acoustically similar)
- Group 2 (acoustically dissimilar)
- Group 3 ( semantically similar)
- Group 4 (semantically dissimilar)
Participants were shown original words and had to recall them in correct order. This recall task was done immediately after hearing it (STM recall) - did worse with acoustically similar words
If participants were asked to recall the word list after a time interval of 20 minutes (LTM recall) - did worse with semantically similar words
Suggests that information is coded semantically in LTM - 4What is one weakness of Baddeley's study?It used artificial stimuli - words had no personal meanings to participants
- 5What does 'capacity' mean?The amount of information that can be held in a memory store at one time
- 6Outline Jacobs' study (1887) into the research of capacity in STMDigit span;
Read out digits for participants to recall in correct order until participants couldn't recall the order correctly. The mean span for digits across all participants was 9 and mean span for letters was 7 - 7What is one weakness of Jacobs' study?It was conducted long ago at a time where there was a lack of control for variables
- 8What does 'duration' mean?The length of time information can be held in memory
- 9Outline the Peterson & Peterson (1959) study into research of duration of STMParticipants shown a trigram then asked to count backwards in 3s from a given number (interference task which prevented rehearsal).
After various time intervals (3,6,9,12,15 and 18 seconds) participants were asked to recall the trigram. - 10What were the findings/results of this study?80% of participants could recall the trigram after 3 seconds
Less than 10% of participants could recall the trigram after 18 seconds
If rehearsal is prevented, information rapidly decays from STM - 11Outline the Bahrick et al study (1975) into the research of duration of LTMNearly 400 participants aged 17–74 were tested. Tests included: A free recall test, where participants tried to remember names of people in a graduate class. A photo recognition test, consisting of 50 pictures.
- 12What were the results/findings of this study?Participants who were tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate in photo recognition. After 48 years they were 70% accurate in photo recognition. Free recall was worse - after 15 years it was 60% and after 48 years it was 30% accurate.
People can remember information for a very long time.
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- AS - Level (Memory) Psychology Fichas sobre Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory, creado por Amy Dean el 06/04/2016.
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- Amy Dean
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