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Memory
Fichas del conjunto (23)
- 1Multi-store Model (Atkinson & Shiffrin)
- 2Sensory RegisterCapacity: V Large (Sperling)
Duration: Approx 250 millisecs
Coding: Raw data, modality specific (in 5 sub-stores) - 3STMCapacity: Miller's magic no. 7
Duration: Up to 30 secs (Peterson & Peterson)
Coding: Mainly acoustic (Baddeley) - 4LTMCapacity: Unlimited (Fagot & Cooke)
Duration: Up to a lifetime (Bahrick)
Coding: Mainly semantic (Baddeley) - 5Supporting Evidence for MSMMurdock:
- Presented words each for 1-2 secs
- Ppts asked to recall in any order
- Found primacy and recency effects
- Supports separate STM + LTM (words at start of list entered LTM, end of list in STM) - 6MSM Evaluation1) Baddeley & Hitch believed it oversimplified STM - made WMM
2) Focuses on structures and doesn't explain processes (attention, coding, etc.)
3) Suggests info only enters LTM through rehearsal - not true - 7Working Memory Model (Baddeley & Hitch)
- 8Central ExecutiveControls attention & directs incoming info from the SR to the slave systems, then onto the EB to be processed.
No storage capacity.
Limited processing capacity. - 9Phonological LoopProcesses and stores acoustic info in the Primary Acoustic Store and rehearses info in the Articulatory Process.
Limited capacity. - 10Visuo-Spatial SketchpadProcesses and stores visual and spatial info.
Limited capacity. - 11Episodic BufferCombines processed info from the other components ready to be passed to LTM.
- 12Evidence Supporting the WMMGathercole & Baddeley:
- Ppts found it easier to carry out visual task + verbal task simultaneously than two visual tasks
- Supports separate VSS and PL and their separate capacity limits
PET scans show different areas of brain active during visual and verbal tasks - 13Evaluation of the WMM1) Improves on MSM, more in depth explanation of STM
2) Lacks detail on what the CE is and how it works - difficult to test scientifically
3) Dual-task studies lack mundane realism and ecological validity - 14Types of LTMEpisodic, Semantic & Procedural
- 15Episodic LTMRecord of events that have happened to us
Declarative (conscious recall)
e.g. going on holiday last year - 16Semantic LTMKnowledge we have learned
When gained from our own experiences episodic can lead to semantic
Declarative
e.g. who the PM is - 17Procedural LTMHow to perform learned tasks
Non-declarative (unconscious recall)
e.g. How to ride a bike - 18Evidence Supporting Separate Declarative and Non-Declarative MemoryHM Case Study - Milner:
- Showed improvement on task with practice (procedural) but no memory of practicing task (episodic)
- Supports separate procedural (non-declarative) and episodic (declarative) memory in different brain regions (due to brain damage) - 19Evidence Supporting Separate Episodic and Semantic MemoryTulving:
Found differences in cortical blood flow patterns between semantic and episodic memory retrieval. Greater activation of frontal lobes for episodic memories, more posterior regions of the cortex for semantic memories. - 20Evaluation of Types of LTM1) Semantic and episodic memories may differ due to different types of thinking and emotion
2) Lacks pop validity (based on case studies and small samples e.g. Milner) - 21Explanations of Forgetting1) Interference Theory
2) Retrieval Failure due to Absence of Cues - 22Interference TheoryForgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one/both memories to be distorted/forgotten. More likely if memories are similar
Proactive - Previous info interferes with recall of recent info
Retroactive - Coding new memory disrupts recall of stored one - 23Evidence Supporting Interference TheoryPostman:
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- AS - Level Psychology Fichas sobre Memory, creado por Anna Stevens el 29/04/2017.
- Creado por
- Anna Stevens
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