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3
Fichas del conjunto (15)
- 1What is the role of STM according to Baddeley and Hitch?Not just passive retnetion, necessary for language understanding, mental arithmetic, reasoning, problem solving. Emphasis on working.
- 2According to the working memory model, what are the different systems?- central executive
- 2 slave systems; the phonological loop and viuo-spatial sketchpad
- episodic buffer - 3Describe the characteristics of the phonological loop.Temporary storage of speech-like information with 2 primary structures;
-phonological store,or inner ear temporary storehouse, passive.
-articulatory loop, or inner voice, the active rehearsal component linked to speech. - 4What is the phonological similarity effect?Errors more likely to be phonologically similar to the correct item. Item in phonological store based on phonological code; reduces discriminatory of items in store.
- 5What is the word length effect?The memory span for short words is greater than for long words. Due to articulation duration, not number of syllables, as the span is as many words as the articulatory loop can actively rehearse within 2 seconds.
- 6What is the unattended speech effect?Performance is impaired if other verbal material needs to be ignored. Irrelevant spoken material can gain access to phonological store, and there is a filter to distinguish between noise and speech.
- 7What is articulatory suppression?Preventing rehearsal by overt or covert articulation. This is different depending on whether the items are presented auditory or visually - relates to the different ways info enters to loop, auditory has direct access, visual must be subvocally rehearsed first
- 8What are the characteristics of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?Limited capacity system for processing spatial, visual and kinesthetic information, with two components;
Visual cache - visual info about shape and colour (what)
Inner scribe - spatial and movement information (where) - 9What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?Construction, maintenance and manipulation of mental image - isomorphic relation to perceptual images. We are better at identifying the component of an image if the mental image is large.
- 10What is/the findings of mental scanning?Manipulation of info is VSS. Learn map of island and told to scan from the well to the tree. Mental scanning between two imagined landmarks increased linearly as the distance between them increases.
- 11What are the neurophysiological findings relating to VSS?e.g. different brain areas active during visual, or occipital, and spatial, or parietal WM tasks.
- 12What is the central executive?An attentional system that maintains task goals and directing processing. Limited capacity and no storage. Most active and important but not as well understood. Probably in the frontal lobes (PFC).
- 13What is dysexecutive syndrome?Disruption of CE due to frontal lobe damage e.g. perseverance, utilization behaviour and catatonia. Patients do not all have same single pattern of impairment, suggesting different parts of PFC are responsible for different aspects of EF.
- 14How are Alzheimer's patients evidence for CE?Problems with distributing attention between two tasks ( a CE function). 2 tasks together, patients show disproportional decline in performance, and find it difficult to follow conversations with more than one person.
- 15What is the episodic buffer?The PL and VSS are modality specific, and the EB can integrate info into a single complex structure. Can hold ~4 pieces of info in multidimensional code. Assists in binding and interacts with both perception and LTM.
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- Descripción
- (Memory and language ) Psychology Fichas sobre 3, creado por Craig Wilkinson el 30/05/2017.
- Creado por
- Craig Wilkinson
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