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Learning definitions
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- 1LearningA relatively permanent change in behaviour that is due to some experience
- 2Unconditional responseBehaviour over which one has no control; behaviour is automatic
- 3Unconditional stimulusAnything that causes an unconditional response
- 4Conditional stimulusThe stimulus that is presented with the unconditioned stimulus
- 5Conditional responseThe response that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented
- 6Neutral stimulusA stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than to focus attention; in classical conditioning when used together with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus
- 7ExtinctionIf the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response gradually decreases
- 8Spontaneous recoveryPavlov found that if, after a delay, the animal was presented with the conditioned stimulus again, the conditioned response often reappeared
- 9GeneralisationThis occurs when the response is triggered by a similar stimulus to the original one
- 10DiscriminationPavlov noticed that if the dog was given food only when the same bell sounded, after several trials they only salivated to the original bell, not any others
- 11Operant conditioningYou repeat the behaviour as you would like to think, if you do well again, you will get the same reward
- 12Law of effectThorndike
Behaviour that leads to pleasant circumstances will be learnt and repeated - 13Positive reinforcementLeads to behaviour that is repeated because the consequences have been positive and the individual finds it rewarding
- 14Negative reinforcementTakes place when our behaviour stops something nasty happening
- 15PunishmentA consequence that weakens behaviour
- 16Behaviour shapingReinforcement can be used to create completely new behaviour by shaping random behaviour and building up a sequence of behaviours
- 17Systematic desensitisationThe person with the phobia is gradually exposed to the feared stimulus
- 18FloodingBased on the idea that the human body cannot maintain the fear response for a prolonged period
- 19Aversion therapyStop unwanted behaviour by associating it through conditioning with something unpleasant
- 20Token economyUses the principles of operant conditioning; it uses reinforcement to change a persons behaviour. Desired behaviour is rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for something the individual wants
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- GCSE (Learning) Psychology Fichas sobre Learning definitions, creado por becky_e el 26/05/2014.
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- becky_e
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