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Interaction Framework
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- 1Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)By Howard Giles
Adapting ones speech to make it more or less similar to that of the other participants in a conversation - 2ConvergenceSpeech patterns become more like those of the other participants in conversation
- 3DivergenceWhen someones speech patterns become less like those of the other person in the conversation
- 4Adjacency pair2 utterances by different speakers that have a natural link, and complete an idea together. E.G. Q&A, greetings, apology/acceptance etc.
- 5BackchannelSupport or feedback, encourages speaker to continue, through gestures, minimal response, or engaging with what they say (repetition, commenting, asking questions)
- 6Closed questionLimits range of possible answers
- 7Open questionQuestion that allows a range of answers
- 8Declarative used as interrogativeUtterance is grammatically a statement, but the question is marked by rising intonation
- 9Discourse markerWord or phrase that indicates a change in topic or a return to a previous topic
- 10FacePersona or role the person projects in a conversation
- 11Face-threatening actCommunicative act that threatens someone's positive or negative face needs
- 12Positive face needNeed to be liked in the conversation and to feel part of the group
- 13Negative face needNeed to be allowed independence and do your own thing
- 14FaceworkThe way people protect and support each others face needs
- 15InterruptionBeginning a turn when someone else is talking in a competitive way. Often to change topic or take control
- 16InterventionAttempt to take part in debate
- 17LatchTurns that join and follow immediately after one another without pausing or with overlap
- 18MirroringSpeaker uses words, phrases or other features previously used by another speaker. May be unconscious but shows support
- 19Monitoring deviceFeature used to check someone is listening e.g. y'know?
- 20Off-recordDropping a hint, saying something without really saying it
- 21OverlapBeginning a turn when someone else is talking in a cooperative way. Often in agreement or to encourage the speaker
- 22QuestionsCan be used to direct topic of conversation. Open, closed, declaratives used as interrogatives, tag questions etc.
- 23ReformationRephrasing what someone else has said, perhaps summarising, to clarify it to yourself, or echoing you agree with them
- 24Simultaneous speech2 or more participants speaking at the same time
- 25Tag questionBrief ending tagged onto a statement. Tag should contain either same verb as the original statement or an auxiliary verb
- 263-part exchangeSequence of 3 linked utterances between 2 speakers following an initiation-response-feedback structure
- 27Topic managementControl of conversation in terms of speaking and topic
- 28TurnOne persons utterance
- 29FillersNon-verbal sounds that can act as pauses in speech, either naturally or to give thinking time
- 30HedgingUsed to avoid directness or to minimise a potentially face-threatening act e.g. kind of, sort of, maybe, possibly etc.
- 31False start/repairsFalse start: Begins to speak, pauses, then
recommences
Repair: Returns to correct a previously stated phrase
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- A level English language Fichas sobre Interaction Framework, creado por Emily F el 26/08/2017.
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- Emily F
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