Fichas
Biology B2.3
Fichas del conjunto (35)
- 1What are protein molecules made up of?Long chains of amino acids
- 2What can proteins be?Structural components of tissue, such as muscle.
Hormones.
Antibodies.
Catalysts. - 3Chemical reactions in cells are controlled by...Enzymes
- 4Enzymes are biological catalysts-They speed up reactions
- 5Enzymes are large proteins and have a shape vital for its function. This shape has an area calledThe 'Active Site'
- 6The substrate in a reaction can be held in theActive site (and either be connected to another molecule or broken down).
- 7Enzymes can:-Build large molecules from many smaller ones (building starch from glucose molecules)
-Change ones molecule into another (convert one type of sugar into another)
-Break down large molecules into smaller ones (all digestive enzymes do this) - 8Enzyme activity is affected by...Temperature and pH.
- 9Enzyme reactions take place faster when it's...Warmer.
- 10If the temperature gets too hot the enzyme stops working because...The active site changes shape. The enzyme becomes denatured.
- 11Each enzyme works in different pH levels. If it becomes too acidic or alkaline the...Active site changes shape and the enzyme becomes denatured.
- 12What is meant by the term 'denatured'?When the enzymes can no longer function.
- 13Digestive enzymes are produced by...Specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut.
- 14What is digestion?The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
- 15Amylase (Carbohydrates)Produced in the salivary glands, the pancreas and small intestine. Breaks down starch into sugars.
- 16Protease (Protein)Is produced in the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine. Breaks down proteins into amino acids.
- 17Lipase (Fats)Is produced by the pancreas and small intestine.
Breaks down lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol. - 18Which enzymes digests starch?Amylase
- 19Protease enzymes work best in .... conditions.Acidic conditions. Glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid t create very acidic conditions.
- 20Amylase and Lipase work best in .... conditions.Slightly alkaline conditions.
- 21Where is bile produced and stored?Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
- 22How enzymes can be used: Biological detergentsContain proteases and lipase that digest food stains.
They work at a lower temperature than normal powders which saves energy and money. - 23How enzymes can be used: Baby FoodProtease is used in baby food to pre-digest the food to make it easier for babies to eat as their stomachs aren't able to do it themselves.
- 24How enzymes can be used: IsomeraseIs used to convert glucose into fructose syrup. Fructose is sweeter so less is needed in food so the food is less fattening.
- 25How enzymes can be used: CarbohydratesAre used to convert starch into sugar syrup for use in foods.
- 26Advantages of using enzymes:-Biological washing powders are very good at removing stains in clothes.
-Biological washing powders can be used at lower temperatures.
-Can be used in medicine to diagnose, control or cure diseases.
-In industry, cost of equipment and energy can be reduced. - 27Disadvantages of using enzymes:Can cause allergic reactions from the washing powder.
Enzymes can enter the waterways via the sewage system.
Industrial enzymes can be costly to produce.
Enzymes denature at high temperatures.
Fabrics, such as wool, will be digested by proteases. - 28Which two factors can alter the shape of an enzymes?Temperature and pH.
- 29Where is amylase produced?Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
- 30What are the products of lipid digestion?Fatty acids and glycerol.
- 31Which acid is produced in the stomach?Hydrochloric acid
- 32What is the function of bile?To makes the pH of the small intestine slightly alkaline.
- 33Why are proteases used in baby foods?To pre-digest the food to make it easier for the baby to digest
- 34Give two types of reaction controlled by enzymes in the cells.Builds large molecules from small molecules.
Changes one molecule into another.
Breaks down large molecules into small molecules. - 35Why do biological washing powders work more efficiently than non-biological powders?The enzymes speed up the rate that stains can be removed and a lower temperature is needed which uses less energy and saves money.
Información
- Descripción
- This has been taken from an AQA revision guide for my benefit as i revise more efficiently this way.
- Creado por
- Jade Allatt
- Visitas
- 536
- Etiquetas
- Valoración