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glossary

josh cotton Inglés 54 fichas

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  1. 1SecurityData Security and Management
  2. 2Hackingunauthorised access or modification from inside or outside of the
    company
  3. 3Virusesmalicious software that can steal, delete or encrypt data for ransom
  4. 4Technical Breakdowna damaged server or broken hard disk can result in loss
    of data
  5. 5Interceptiondigital communication can be intercepted as it travels through
    the Internet, leading to competitors getting hold of data
  6. 6Physical Theftcomputers or hard disks can be stolen, compromising the data
    they contain
  7. 7Discarded Componentsold laptops or hard disks can still contain valuable
    data, which can be found by competitors if the equipment is not properly
    disposed of
  8. 8PreventionUnautherised access
  9. 9Access levels-only permitted to data required for job
    -given read and or write access depending on whether they need to alter data
    -reduce the number of users able to access the data
  10. 10Password Design-certain length and with combination of letters, numbers and symbols
    -strong passwords are far harder for computers to crack
  11. 11Encryption Techniques-Data can be encrypted so only those with the correct key can view it
    -XOR encryption is an uncrackable encryption
  12. 12PreventData Loss
  13. 13Backups-Keeping copies of data allows it to be restored if they primary data is lost
    -Each backup stores only the changes since the last backup, so data can be restored to a previous version
  14. 14Archiving-When data is no longer in frequent use it can be stored in a new storage location outside of primary servers
  15. 15SecurityCompression
  16. 16Data can be compressed to save storage space and memoryCompression uses complex algorithms to store the same data using fewer bytes of data
  17. 17Lossless Compression-Compressed using algorithms that don't alter the contents
    -Compressed data can be restored to exactly how it was before compression
  18. 18Lossy Compression-Slight alterations are made to data during compression
    -The data cannot be restored exactly
    -Produce much smaller files than lossless algorithms
    -Can be used with images, audio or video, where slight changes to the colour of a pixel, or amplitude of a sample, will not be noticed
  19. 19Compression RatioRatio of uncompressed file size compared to the compressed file size
  20. 20SecurityNetwork Security
  21. 21Hackingpossible as computers can be accessed from remote locations
  22. 22Virusesspread more easily through a network, particularly if there are security flaws
  23. 23Technical Breakdowncan have a bigger impact as the loss of a main server or switch can put all computers out of action
  24. 24Antivirussoftware should be installed to detect and remove any viruses that spread through the network
  25. 25Firewallshould be used to prevent viruses from transmitting data or receiving instructions
  26. 26Two-Factor authenticationcan reduce the chance of a hacker gaining entry by requiring two forms of authentication instead of one
  27. 27Access Levelsshould be used to ensure that users can't access data they don't need on the network
  28. 28Passwordshould be used to verify each user of the network
  29. 29Acceptable Use Policy-Examples include rules on use of social networks, personal email and storage and transport of data
    -Users who breach the policy can be disciplined or fired
    -Details what is and isn't allowed by users of the network
  30. 30Disaster Recovery Policy-Details exactly how the company prepares for disasters and how to recover as quickly and possible
    -Includes details of backup frequency and location and procedures to restore from backups
  31. 31Cyber SecurityThreat and Weaknesses
  32. 32MalwareShort for malicious software and means any software that is used to disrupt computer operation
  33. 33Viruses-Malware that is able to copy itself into other programs
  34. 34Worm-Similar to a virus, but is a standalone program
  35. 35Key Loggers-Programs that log all user inputs and transmit them to a third party
  36. 36SQL Injections-SQL code is entered into a web form then inadvertently executed by the server while trying to process it
  37. 37Denial of Service (DoS) Attack-Multiple requests made one server at the same time, causing it to become overloaded and fail
  38. 38Password-Based AttacksBrute-force attacks, where every combination of characters is tried until one works and it cannot crack a
    strong password (long or with letters, numbers and characters)
  39. 39IP Address Spoofing-A computer is set up with the same IP address as a legitimate server
  40. 40Social EngineeringTricking a user into revealing their password
  41. 41Phishing-An email is sent apparently from a bank claiming the user needs to log in to fix a problem
    -The email contains a link to a fake site that looks like the real bank site
    -The user enters their username and password on the fake site
  42. 42Cookies-Cookies are small pieces of code that websites can store on a user's computer
    -Can be a security risk as they often contain personal information that can be read and sold
  43. 43Cyber SecurityDefending from Threats
  44. 44Antivirus Software-Scans files and compares them to a database of known malware, removing it or repairing infected files
  45. 45Firewall-Monitors network communication and blocks un-trusted messages both to and from the computer
  46. 46Patching out-dated softwareKeeping software up to date in order to sop viruses from exploiting out of date software
  47. 47Security ToolsTools that look for suspicious patterns of behaviour and vulnerabilities
  48. 48PersonnelCompanies hire specialist security personnel who know what to look for and how to secure systems
  49. 49Foot-printingInterrogating resources on the internet for information about the organisation about the organisation's system
  50. 50Penetration TestingAttempting to penetrate a system's security layer in order to demonstrate security risks
  51. 51Buffer OverflowsData is too large for a memory location, and 'leaks' into another that it shouldn't have access to
  52. 52Too many permissionsSoftware sometimes requests access to system to systems it doesn't need, like admin access to core systems
  53. 53Scripting RestrictionsSoftware should block commands that are not needed for it to run, preventing malicious code running
  54. 54Accepting a parameter without validationAny user input should be checked to ensure it is correct size and contains no suspicious characters

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Fichas sobre glossary, creado por josh cotton el 26/04/2021.
Creado por
josh cotton · abr 2021
Actualizado
28 abr 2021
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