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Memory: Explanation for forgetting- retrieval failure
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- 1What is the encoding specificity principle?Tulving et at: Memory most effective if info present at encoding also present at time of retrieval. Closer the cue to original item, more useful.
- 2What is context-dependent forgetting?Context makes recall easier by providing relevant info. Context-dependent forgetting occurs if env at recall is dif to env while learning.
- 3Context-dependent forgetting: Baddeley et al. contextual cuesscuba divers = pps, learnt list of words on land or underwater. Then tested again, in the opposite or same env.
Highest recall when learning env same as recall env. - 4What is state dependent forgetting?Mental state at learning can also act as a cue.
- 5Evaluation: State-dependent forgetting Research supportE- Goodwin et al: pps learn list of words while drunk or sober. Then opposite state used at recall (24hrs).
E- Recall better- same state at recall/ learning. State can help remember.
L- Supports idea of state acting as a cue. - 6Evaluation: Encoding specificity principle Correlation not causeE- Baddeley: ESP circular. According to ESP, if cannot recall memory, can't hv been encoded.
E- Impossible to test for item that hasn't been encoded in memory, can't be proved.
L- So cues don't cause retrieval, just associated. - 7Evaluation: State/context-dependent forgetting Retrieval cues do not always workE- Milgram: complex associations involved so cues not likely to help.
E- Cues may not be able to improve exam performance.
L- Cues may not be able to help in situations like improve exam performance.
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- A level (Memory) Psychology Fichas sobre Memory: Explanation for forgetting- retrieval failure, creado por Qashrina Collier el 26/04/2021.
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- Qashrina Collier
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