Fichas
Inflammation Part 1
Fichas del conjunto (46)
- 1What is inflammation intended for?Intended to eliminate initial cause of cell injury/ eliminate necrotic cells/ tissues arising from the injury
- 2How does inflammation eliminate harmful agents?Walling off
Neutralizing
Enzymatically digesting - 3What causes the degree of variation of response of inflammation?1.) Duration of Insult
2.) Type of foreign antigen
3.) Degree of Injury
4.) Microenvironment - 4What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation (occur at site of injury)? What causes them?1.) Heat (vasodilation which increases BF & increases heat)
2.) Redness -vasodilation
3.) Swelling - increased vascular permeability
4.) Pain - increased vascular permeability- outflow of fluid into interstitial spaces
5.) loss of function - increased vascular permeability- outflow of fluid into interstitial spaces - 5What are the 2 types of inflammationVascular or cellular
- 6Describe vascular phase of inflammationIncreased BF
Increased permeably
Blood flow stasis & coagulation (slows down so it's more prone to clot)
Redness/warmth/swelling - 7Describe the cellular phase of inflammationSpecialized leukocytes
Migrate to area of stimulation or injury
Inactivate disease agents & remove debris - 8Explain the vascular phase steps1.) Tissue injury
2.) Vasoconstriction (BREIFLY)
3.) Vasodilation (major effect)
4.) Alterations in permeability, blood flow stasis & coagulation, exudate formation
5.) Minor Injury-Transient
Serious Injury - Sustained response
Delayed Permeability - 4-24 hrs increased permeability - 9When is exudate formed?During acute inflammation
- 10What are the different types of exudates? Explain themSerous - watery
Hemorrhagic - bloody
Fibrinous - thick sticky meshwork
membranous - mucus membrane
Purulent - pus (degraded WBCs, proteins & tissue debris)
Chyle - milky lymph fluid - 11Why are exudates beneficial?1.) Dilute Toxins
2.) Causes pain - reduces movement
3.) Delivers antibodies - 12What kind of exudate is this?Hemorrhagic
- 13What kind of exudate is this?Fibrinous
- 14What kind of exudate is this?Purulent
- 15What kind of exudate is this?Chyle
- 16What kind of exudate is this?Serous
- 17What is an abscess composed of?Localized area of inflammation that contains purulent exudate surrounded by neutrophil layer
- 18What may eventually wall off the abscess?Fibroblasts
- 19Why are antimicrobials ineffective for abscesses?Because of the wall
- 20What is an ulceration?Site of inflammation where epithelial surface has become necrotic & eroded
- 21Explain BasophilsGranulocytes that have granules that contain histamine & other inflammatory chemical mediators. Circulate in the blood and bind to immunoglobulin E (Ige), triggers the release of histamine & vasoactive agents.
- 22What reactions are basophils more involved in?Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions
- 23Explain EosinophilsGranulocyte that circulates in the blood.
- 24What reactions are eosinophils involved in?1.) Parasitic - granules contain proteins that is highly toxic to parasites
2.) Allergic reactions - control specific release of chemical mediators - 25Mast cellsGranulocytes that develop in tissue sites. Release granules at site of inflammation. Granules contain histamine & other inflammatory mediators.
- 26What are mast cells involved inParasitic infections & allergic reactions
- 27What are plateletsSmall cell fragments that are involved in primary hemostasis. When activated they releases potent inflammatory mediators (increase vascular permeability & alter cell properties)
- 28Spontaneous activation of platelets has been lined to:SLE (Lupus)
Arteriosclerosis
migraines - 29What is a Neutrophil, what does it contain, when does it arrive, and what does it do?Phagocytic Leukocyte. It is the primary Leukocyte. Arrives early at site of infection. Contains enzymes and antibacterial material. Destroys engulfed microbe dead tissues
- 30What is a monocyte? Precursor to what? Where is it released from?Monocyte is the biggest luekocyte. Precursor to macrophage and released from bone marrow to act as a macrophage
- 31Macrophages are what & what dot they contain?Phagocytic Leukocyte. Contain potent vasoactive mediators.
- 32Why do macrophages live longer?1.) Helps destroy causative agent
2.) Helps resolve inflammatory response
3.) Contribute to healing process - 33Why are macrophages important in chronic inflammation?Wall off foreign material that cannot be
- 34Steps of the cellular phase1.) Adhesion & Margination
2.) Transmigration
3.) Chemotaxis
4.) Activation & Phagocytosis - 35What happens in the first cellular phase?Adhesion & Margination
Leukocytes have been activated to engulf bacteria.
Phagocytosis in 3 steps:
1) Recognition & adherence
2) Engulfment
3) Intracellular killing - 36What are Local signs & symptoms of infectionSwelling
Exudate formation
Abscess formation
Ulceration - 37What are some signs & symptoms of systemic infectionsHypotension
Increased HR
Labs: Increased WBC, Neutrophils, CRP
Fever - 38What else is CRP elevated in?MI, malignancies, auto-immune disorders
- 39what are the 5 results of acute inflammation?1.) Resolution of inflammatory event
2.) Repairs tissue - wound healing
3.) Fibroblasts wall of the area
4.) Abscess forms
5.) Progression to chronic inflammation - 40Chronic inflammation lasts how long?Self perpetuating- lasts weeks, months or even years
- 41How does Chronic inflammation occur?Recurrent or progressive inflammatory process. Low grade response that doesn't trigger acute response
- 42What is there an increase in with chronic inflammation.1.) Influx of macrophages & lymphocytes NOT neutrophils
2.) Proliferates fibroblasts not exudates - 43What two pathways are there for Chronic inflammation?1.) Nonspecific
2.) Granulomatous - 44What occurs in Nonspecific Chronic Accumulation?1.) Diffuse accumulation of macrophages & lymphocytes
2.) Ongoing chemotaxis keeps macrophages hanging around
3.) Fibroblasts proliferate - scar formation - 45How does Granulomatous Chronic Inflammation work?1.) Forms granuloma (small lesion with mass of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes)
2.) Forms around foreign body (splinters, microorganisms)
- 46What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)Presents like sepsis. Systemic infection w/o an identifiable pathogen. Mass vasodilation that won't perfuse organs properly - leads to multi-organ failure.
Hypoperfusion, hypotensive, shock
Información
- Descripción
- Resp Therapy Pathophysiology Fichas sobre Inflammation Part 1, creado por Kyha Avery el 05/10/2023.
- Creado por
- Kyha Avery
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