Mapa mental
Respiratory system
Contenido del mapa
Respiratory system
Anatomy
- upper respiratory tract
- nose
- external
- nasal cavity
- function
- lightening the weight of the head
- moisten and heating inhaled air
- function
- external
- pharynx
- anatomical regionn
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- function
- Passageway for air and food
- Provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds
- Houses the tonsil
- anatomical regionn
- larynx
- function
- Prevent food & other particles from entering the airway
- laryngeal cartilges & ligaments
- muscles
- cricothyroid muscle
- stretches & tenses vocal ligament
- thyro-arytenoid
- relax vocal ligament
- vocalis
- relax post vocal ligament
- post crycoarytenoid
- abduct vocal ligament
- transverse arytenoid
- adduct arytenoid cartilage
- oblique arytenoid
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- adduct vocal fold
- cricothyroid muscle
- function
- nose
- lower respiratory tract
- lungs
- bronchi
- trachea
- upper respiratory tract
physiology
- lung compliance
- determined by
- the elastic characteristic of lung
- surface tension
- lung volume
- volume change that occurs in a system per unit pressure change (△ V/ △ P )
- determined by
- pulmnary ventilation
- muscles of inspiration
- core muscles
- diaphragm
- external intercostal
- accessory muscles
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectoralis minor
- core muscles
- muscles of expiration
- core muscle
- internal intercostal
- diaphragm
- accessory muscles
- abdominals
- quadratus lumborm
- core muscle
- lung pressure & forces
- muscles of inspiration
- phonation
- physiological process where the energy of air in the vocal tract is transformed into acoustic energy within larynx
- characteristic
- frequency
- rate of vibration of vocal cord
- intensity
- amplitude of sound wave
- frequency
- airway resistance
- regulation
- smooth muscle constriction
- parasympathetic stimulation
- histamine
- smooth muscle dilation
- nitric oxide
- sympathetic stimulation
- smooth muscle constriction
- regulation
- lung compliance
classification
- conducting portion
- allow air pass
- from nose to terminal bronchiole
- respiratory portion
- allow gas exchange
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar sac
- alveolar duct
- alveoli
- conducting portion
diseases
- obstructive lung diseases
- COPD
- irreversible airway obstruction with destruction of bronchi
- patient >40 years
- causes
- smoking
- exposure to pollution
- clinical presentation
- shortness of breath
- cough with sputum
- cystic fibrosis
- asthma
- triggered by
- extrinsic
- family history of allegic diseases
- eczema
- hay fever
- family history of allegic diseases
- intrinsic
- infections
- excersice
- stress
- inhaled irritant
- drugs
- exposure to cold
- extrinsic
- pathogenesis
- signs & symptoms
- wheezing
- shortness of breath
- 12-20 breaths/min
- other causes
- pnemounia
- subglottic stenosis
- lung cancer
- COPD
- allergy reactions
- congestive heart disease
- arrhythmia
- chest pain & tightness
- rapid pulse
- cough
- types
- acute
- 3 weeks
- subacute
- 3-8 weeks
- chronic
- >8 weeks
- acute
- other causes
- infection
- smoking
- ACE inhibitors
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- pulmonary embolism
- heart failure
- types
- investigation
- spirometry
- measure the air that is expired and inspired.
- values
- FEV1
- normal
- >=80%
- normal
- FEV1/FVC
- normal
- >=85%
- normal
- FEV1
- peak flow meter
- Used to assess the severity of an asthma attack
- values
- 50-75%
- moderate
- 33-50%
- acute severe
- <33%
- life threatening
- 50-75%
- spirometry
- classification
- prevelance
- globally
- high as 334 million
- USA
- adult aged 18 & over
- 18.4 million (7.6%)
- children under 18
- 6.2 million (8.4%)
- no. of deaths
- 3615
- adult aged 18 & over
- Qatar
- 3283 children in 2005
- globally
- management
- aim
- reduce impairment
- Reduce risk of unwanted outcomes
- patient education
- asthma action plan
- pharmacological
- beta agonist
- inhaled
- long term
- MOA
- fast acting
- bronchodilation
- adverse effect
- tremor
- hyperglycemia
- anxiety
- hypokalemia
- examples
- Salmeterol
- Formoterol
- corticosteroids
- MOA
- Reduce airways inflammation
- inhaled/oral
- adverse effect
- Hyperglycemia
- acne
- bruising
- gastric erosions
- examples
- Prednisolone
- Beclomethasone
- MOA
- leukotriene inhibtors
- adverse effect
- nausea
- diarrhea
- rash
- headache
- increase liver enzymes
- orally
- examples
- Montelucast
- Zafirlucast
- adverse effect
- cromolyn sodium
- Prevent Mast cell degranulation
- treatment of food allergy
- inhaled
- examples
- Sodium Cromoglycate
- beta agonist
- aim
- complication
- asthma attack
- symptoms
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- chest tightness
- chest retraction
- cyanosis
- rapid movement of nostril
- management
- short acting b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm
- oxygen
- cholinergic antagonist
- decrease in mucous production
- Corticosteroids
- reverse mucosal edema and decreasing capillary permeability.
- short acting b2 agonist
- symptoms
- asthma attack
- triggered by
- COPD
- restrictive lung diseases
- asbestosis
- sarcidosis
- croup
- common in children
- stages
- prodromal stage
- 1-2 days
- clinical presentation
- Rhinitis with nasal dischargs
- low grade fever
- Laryngotracheal inflammation stage
- 2-7 days
- symptoms occur at night
- clinical presentation
- mild
- barking cough
- hoarseness
- moderate
- dyspnea
- pallor
- tachycardia
- severe
- cyanosis
- hypoxia
- bradycardia
- mild
- prodromal stage
- causes
- viral infection
- parainfluenza virus
- respiratory syncytial virus
- adenovirus
- bacterial infection
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- viral infection
- symptoms
- fever
- barking cough
- stridor
- causes
- congenital
- vocal cord paralysis
- Subglottic stenosis
- Laryngeal web
- mouth and tongue abnormalities
- acquired
- febrile
- Epiglottitis
- Abscess
- Acute laryngitis
- Diphtheria
- afebrile
- Foreign body
- trauma
- febrile
- congenital
- types
- inspiratory
- Expiratory
- Biphasic
- causes
- hoarseness
- anxiety
- Difficulty in swallowing
- management
- pharmacological
- corticosteroids
- decrease edema
- for mild croup
- oral,IM OR inhaled dexamthasone
- Nebulized Epinephrine:
- Reduces vascular permeability
- for severe croup
- Supplemental oxygen
- corticosteroids
- Humidification therapy
- no longer recommended
- pharmacological
- discharge criteria
- No stridor at rest
- Minimal or no retractions
- Pulse ox ≥ 93%
- Reliable caretaker
- Tolerating PO intake
- normal color
- normal level of consiousness
- obstructive lung diseases
Imágenes y archivos del mapa
Información
- Descripción
- Mapa Mental sobre Respiratory system, creado por aisha al-baker el 04/05/2018.
- Creado por
- aisha al-baker
- Visitas
- 7
- Valoración