Cognitive Psychology - MEMORY

Cognitive Psychology - MEMORY

1. MSM

   • Strengths: influential, creates interest, research into memory, led to the development of the WMM
   • Weaknesses: oversimplified (more than 1 STM store)
   • - 3 separate stores (sensory, short term, long term) - sensory has store for each of the senses - STM & LTM are unitary stores (each work separately) - Information can be lost at age stage through decay - each store is different in terms of encoding, duration & capacity

2. WMM

   • Weaknesses: only focuses on STM, not complete model of memory
   • Strengths: more plausible than MSM, demonstrates STM in terms of temporary storage & active processing
   • -Explains how STM works, - consists of several components - each has particular function, - Central Executive = key component that oversees the slave systems. -slave systems have individual responsibilities & work separately, - Phonological loop = phonological store & articulatory loop, limited capacity, temp storage for holding auditory information in speech based form - VSS subdivided into visual cache & inner scribe, limited capacity, temp storage for holding visual & spatial info

3. CAPACITY: STM- 5-9 items, LTM -unlimited

4. DURATION: STM- 30seconds, LTM - up to a lifetime

5. ENCODING: STM - acoustic, LTM - semantic

6. CHUNKING = grouping things together by giving them a collective meaning (maximum of 9 chunks)

7. MISLEADING INFORMATION: (can affect accuracy of memory) by Misleading Questions. 2 types - LEADING Questions (increase liklihood that an individual's schema will influence them to give the desired answer) POST-EVENT INFORMATION -misleading info is added to a question after an incident has occured

8. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW: (1.) Change narrative order - tell event beginning to end (2.) Change of perspective component - recall event in anothers witness's perspective (3.) Mental Reinstatement of context - recall environmental & emotional conditions (4.) Report everything

9. Factors Affecting EWT

   • AGE
   • ANXIETY
   • MISLEADING INFO

10. Strategies for memory improvement

    • Mnemonics
      • VERBAL
      • PEG WORD SYSTEM
      • LOCI
      • KEYWORD METHOD
    • Encoding specifiity principle
    • Active processing