Reinforcement

Reinforcement

1. the process by which the consequences of a response increase the likelihood that the response will occur again when the stimulus is present

   • response contingency
     • the circumstance in which a consequence depends on the animal's producing the desired response
   • reinforcer
     • an object or event that, when it follows a response, increases the likelihood that the animal will make that response again when the stimulus is present

2. “pleasant” outcome; increases responses

3. Punishment

   • the process by which an unpleasant object or event is presented after a response, which decreases the likelihood of that response in the future
   • “unpleasant” outcome; decreases responses

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