2nd Non-Cooperation Movement

2nd Non-Cooperation Movement

1. Reason/Aims

   • Congress agreed to start the campaign based on the national disgust at the British support of Dyer
   • Gandhi stated the main aim to be swaraj within a year
     • Unrealistic aim but successfully captured the attention of the nation
   • Gandhi also wanted to unite all religions, this became a repeated trend

2. Methods

   • Mass Protest
     • Marches
     • Demos
     • Meetings
   • Mass burning of UK goods - public stunt
   • Boycotts of law courts/schools/elections
   • Boycott of British Goods
   • Hartals

3. Success

   • Success was limited, There were Positives and Negatives
     • Positives
       • Again Gandhi gained a huge amount of support for nationalist movement
       • 30,000 arrested, tactics worked
         • Gives Gandhi publicity and exposes British as unfair
     • Negatives
       • Didn't achieve aims
         • Moplah Rebellion/Chauri Chaura clear example of religious division
         • Didn't achieve Swaraj within a year

4. Moplah Rebellion

   • Unrest in area extended by agitation caused by non-cooperation + resentment of rich local landlords
   • Moplahs (Muslims) turned on Hindus
     • 600 Hindus killed
     • 2500 Hindus forcibly converted to islam
   • Prov.govt called in to deal with rebellion
     • Martial Law ruthlessly imposed
       • 2000+ rebels killed, including 66 that were left to suffocate on a train

5. Chauri Chaura + End of movement

   • Feb 6th 1922 Gandhi calls off movement
     • Due to a protest mob in Chauri Chaura burning 20 policemen to death
       • Gandhi had very strong morals, non violence or nothing.
         • Supporters felt betrayed by Gandhi
   • Gandhi declares the end of his involvement in political campaigns
     • Plans to retire to ashram
     • Before he could devote himself, gets sentenced to 6 years prison on 10 March 1922
       • However the arrest of 1000s during non cooperation had turned prison into a badge of honour
         • Indian masses no longer scared by British legal authority