Psychology

Psychology

1. Schemas

   • A schema is a organised package of information that holds our knowledge about the world.
   • It is also about stereotypes and expectations of people.
   • Bartlett is the person who said that your memory is NOT like a tape recorder.

2. Misinformation effect

   • This is where information given to you after an event changes the way you recall things.

3. Memory

   • Long Term Memory (LTM)
     • The capacity (space) of the LTM is said to be unlimited.
     • The duration (time) of the LTM is said to be unlimited.
     • Once you have something in your LTM, psychologists say you will never forget it.
   • Short Term Memory (STM)
     • The capacity (space) of the STM is 7(+/-2) 'chunks'.
   • The Multi-Store Model
     • The multi-store model is made up of the sensory store, STM and LTM.
       • It says the duration and capacity of the sensory store, STM and LTM.
       • Criticisms of the multi-store model
         • 1) the multi-store model states that for information from the STM to the LTM, it has to be rehearsed for 30 seconds.
           • However, if you have a traumatic experience then you don't need to rehearse it. Also, if you don't like a certain food, you don't need to keep trying it to know you don't like it.
         • 2) the multi-store model doesn't take in people's individual differences.
           • The multi-store model states that you can only hold 7(+/-2) 'chunks' of information at a time. However, if you have a particularly good memory, you might remember more than that. Also, if you have a particularly bad memory, you might remember less than that. Therefore, individual differences aren't taken into account.
   • Amnesia
     • Retrograde Amnesia
       • This is where you can't remember any memories/information that happened before the amnesia developed.
     • Anterograde Amnesia
       • This is where you can't remember any memories/information that happened after the amnesia developed.