The French Revolution(1789-1815)

The French Revolution(1789-1815)

1. CAUSES:

   • Wealth GAP-b/tween estate system
   • Enlightment ideas: all men are both equal
   • Louis XVI policies(absolutism)
   • Widespread hunger/cold
   • THE ESTATES GENERAL
     • National Assembly born in France
       • legislative body-parliament
   • BASTILLE
     • prison in Paris w/ numerous political prisoners
     • storming of bastille--prisoners were hoping to get gunpowder
     • marks the beginning of Rev.

2. Old Order(Regime): THREE ESTATES

   • King Louis XVI(16th)
     • Last king of France
     • Marie Antoinette
     • well-meaning but weak & indecisive
   • FIRST ESTATE
     • Clergy: relgious leaders
       • 1% of ppl; 10% of the land
   • SECOND ESTATE
     • Nobles
       • 2% of ppl; 25% of the land
   • THIRD ESTATE
     • Middle class/Peasants
       • 97% of ppl; 65% of land
     • BUORGEOISIE-top wealthy of 3rd estate
   • First & second estate benefit from the third estate
   • *Nobles & clergy lost power to 3rd estate

3. Jacobins: radicals

   • more willing to use violence; ruthles
   • Jean-Paul MARAT
   • ROBESPIERRE
     • "incorruptible"
     • lawyer & politician
     • one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution

4. GREAT FEAR

   • tales of attacks on villages & towns spread panic
   • other rumors asserted that gov't troops were seizing peasant crops

5. Declaration of Rights of Man

   • =Declaration of Independence
   • Liberty, equality, & fraternity
   • All men are born equal
   • Freedom of speech, press & religion(C:BOR:1)
   • No women rights yet
   • ENDED RIGHTS OF THE CLERGY
     • Took land from clergy(Roman Catholic Church)

6. The Reign of Terror

   • 1793-1794
   • GUILLOTINE: razor sharp blade that dropped(decapitation)
     • Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
   • to stop any counter-revolutionaries

7. NAPOLEAN Bonaparte

   • Born in Corsica(apart of France)
   • proven military strategist
   • Nov 1799 COUP D'ETAT
     • military overthrow
   • fell victim to trap-absolute power, power absolutely
   • crowned himself king
   • THE NAPOLENIC CODE: code of laws that embodied Enlightenment principles
     • Revision of French law
       • Code of law
       • Public education system
         • K-12, Univ's tech schoools
   • Continental System
     • economic warfare
     • blockaded Euro ports to England
       • hurting them economically
   • Russian Campaign
     • Russia ally w/ England
     • The GRAND ARMY
       • started 600,000 soldiers
       • Scorched Earth Policy
         • retreated eastward, burning crops & villages along the way
     • 2 factors that helped w/ defeat of French
       • Cold winter & starvation
       • Scorched Earth tactics
     • Battle of the Nations
       • Napolean abdicates
   • Exiled to ISLE OF ELBA
     • escaped jailbreak
       • Battle of Waterloo(1815)
         • Napolean defeated & returns to exile
           • Isle of St. Helena, S. Atlantic

8. Congress of Vienna

   • meeting
   • winter of 1814-15
   • Vienna, Austria
   • restore balance of power in Europe
     • DEVINE RIGHT
   • restore borders
   • Diplomacy NOT war
     • peaceful negotiation
   • Legitimacy
     • restoration of the European monarchies

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