aggresion_A01

aggresion_A01

1. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES

   • SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
     • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
       • ARRM
       • self-efficacy
       • vicarious reinforcement
     • DEINDIVIDUATION
       • Loss of private self-awareness
         • swept up in a crowd
           • over-reliance on cues
       • Loss of Public self-awareness
         • less concerned with the impression
           • believe they cannot be identified
       • Factors to deindividuation
         • Anonymity
         • large crowd
         • Drugs
   • INSTITUTIONAL AGGRESSION
     • Interaction Model
       • most convincing understanding
       • than either model separately
     • Situational Models
       • The deprivation model
         • face on a day-to-day
         • increased stress
           • agg to reduce stress and obtain resources
         • can get control over
         • deprivations include
           • deprivation of liberty,
             • autonomy
               • relationships
                 • security, freedom.
       • The management model
     • The Importation Model
       • bring into the prison
       • Important factors
         • gang
           • drugs
             • poor employment
         • 2 important
           • AGE & Race

2. BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES

   • GENETIC FACTORS
     • Selective Breeding
       • up agg in animal
       • choosing traits and mating to ehance
       • indicates genetic cause
     • MAOA Gene
       • mice with it more agg
       • gene produces enzyme it regulates uptake serotonin
         • low levels ass with agg
       • in man rare mutation in dutch family
     • Chromosomal Abnormalities
       • Early research
         • XYY
         • more aggressive
   • NEURAL MECHANISMS
     • The limbic system
       • is several structures
       • concerned with motivation, emotion, learning,memory and instinctive behaviour
       • most ass is amygdala
     • The frontal cortex
       • Social regulation and interaction
       • closely connected to the amygdala
         • so linked to agg
       • frontal lobe damage
         • show
           • impulsive ,shortness of temper
     • Serotonin
   • HORMONAL MECHANISMS
     • Testosterone
       • Reciprocal Model of Testosterone
         • two way
       • Basal Model of Testosterone
         • testo causes agg
       • agg more in male than fe
         • effect of testo
       • class of hormones called androgens
       • produced by leydig cells in testes and overies
       • influence on
         • pre-natal brain devel
           • limbic system
         • after birth
           • sensitising circuit
       • acts on synapses in serotonin sys
         • exert its influence agg through its effect on level serotonin
       • peak at the start of puberty in boys, there is a peak in aggressive behaviour

3. AGGRESSION AS AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE

   • EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS
     • men
       • infidelity by a fe brings threat of paternal uncertainty
       • guard against rearing offspring not their own
       • mate retention strategies
         • prevent other males access to fe
         • threatening the fe to prevent her from unfaithful.
     • woman
       • man left her to, it would compromise her ability to obtain resources they needed
       • use non-physical forms of agg
     • aggressive behaviour we display must have increase chances of surviving,
       • passing on genes in the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptation
   • GROUP DISPLAY IN HUMANS
     • SPORTS
       • wearing club colours ,chanting are ritualised group displays aimed at intimidating opposition
       • arousing the supporters, increasing identification of group.
       • This shows that group display is seen as a way of ensuring dominance as predicted
     • WARFARE
       • defined as agg by one cooperative coalition against another cooperative coalition
       • waging war gives one group status over another
       • access to land, resources, mates
       • the benefits of war must outweigh the costs for group to engaging
     • man evolved to live in groups, living makes it likely they will survive