Function of Carbohydrates

Function of Carbohydrates

1. Energy

   • Carbohydrates provide the body with a source of fuel and energy that is required to carry out daily activities and exercise
   • Extra energy is stored in the muscle and liver until needed in the form of glycogen
   • 1g = 3.75kcal (4) OR 16 kilojoules
   • A lack of carbohyrates can lead to tiredness or fatigue, poor mental function and lack of endurance or stamina
     • People running marathons may load up on pasta and carbohydrates to increase glycogen stores for stamina
   • Excess carbohydrate is stored as fat

2. Metabolic Processes

   • Needed for the correct working of the brain, heart nervous, digestive and immune systems
   • Metabolism is the chemical process that occurs in the body. These processes are controlled by enzymes and horomones
   • Carbohydrates provide the heat to power these

3. Elimination of Waste Materials

   • NSP: R.D.A 18g per day
   • NSP especially cellulose absorbs large amounts of water which creates bulk in the diet
   • It cannot be digested in humans but it stimulates peristaltic action in the gut to avoid constipation or diverticulitis

4. Fat Metabolism

   • For fat to be metabolised correctly, carbohydrates must be present
   • Lack of carbohydrates means large amounts of fat are used for energy
   • The body cannot handle this large amount so quickly, so it accumulates ketone bodies which make the body acidic
   • Ketosis is using fat for energy instead of CHO

5. Satiety

   • Fibre rich foods absorb water giving a feeling of fullness (aids satiety)
   • This can reduce the tendency to overeat and therefore prevent weight gain

6. Protein Sparing

   • As protein isn't being used as energy it can be used for growth and repair