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memory topic 6- multi-store memory
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- 1who came up with the multi store modelAtkinson and Shiffrin (1969)
- 2what are the three parts or storage systems the multi-store model of memory consists of-sensory register
-STM
-LTM - 3what is sensory memory/ the sensory registerSensory memory can be thought of as a set of memory stores for each of the senses( eyes ears touch taste). Information is held in an unprocessed form in different stores within the sensory register depending upon the sensory input (e.g. visual information is held in the Iconic store and auditory information is held in the echoic store )
- 4why is not every piece of info passed onto the next stageas the senses normally provide a lot of info and not all of this needs processing
- 5what happens to info that is not processed furtherit is lost
- 6what was the method of sperling (1960) experimentHe had participants seem 12 letters arranged into a 3 by 4 grid for 0.05 of a second (50 milliseconds). Participants were initially asked to recall as many of the 12 letters as they could. Generally they record about 4 or 5 letters in total but were aware of more letters than they could report .To test the idea that letters were fading before they could be recalled he used the partial report procedure in which participants were required to record letters from one row only. However they didn't know beforehand which was going to be tested this was indicated during the study by the use of a tone( high from top row, medium for middle row and low for bottom row)
- 7what were the findings of sperling (1960) experimentWhen the partial report procedure was used participants recalled about 75% of the letters in the appropriate row
- 8what did sperling concludeHe argued that because there were fewer letters in a row there was less Decay but because recall was never 100% this was taken as suggesting that the sensory register with a limited in terms of size( i.e. it is very small )and duration( information decays very quickly )
- 9name a strength of the sperling study-controlled study so more reliable results
-fewer unwanted variables so less chance of bias
-lab experiment so can be repeated
-would have obtained consent and later debriefed participants - 10name a weakness of the sperling study-lacks ecological validity
-letters are artificial - 11what was Atkinson and Shiffrins (1969) ideathat there is a separate sensory register STM and LTM and the multi store model reflected this
- 12What is the role of the sensory register (step 1 of MSM)it holds information in an unprocessed form for a short amount of time before passing on to the STM store
- 13what is the role of the STM store (step 2 of MSM)information enters the STM store and is kept for 20-30 seconds
- 14how can information be kept in the STM system longer ( step 3 of MSM)using a rehearsal loop called maintenance rehearsal
- 15what rehearsal transfers information to LTM from STM (step 4 of MSM)elaborative rehearsal- its kept for permanent storage in LTM
- 16what can information in LTM do ( step 5 of MSM)it can be retrieved and transfered back to STM when required
- 17name a strength of using MSM (hypothesis)because memory research is based on experiments, specific predictions can be made and tested to see if they are supported by research evidence
- 18name a strength of using MSM (neurological evidence )there is biological research that STM and LTM are different stores
- 19name a strength of using MSM (research support)the MSM is supported by well controlled experimental evidence and there is experimental evidence of separate STM and LTM store
- 20name a weakness of using MSM (rehearsal)rehearsal is not always needed to pass information from STM to LTM
- 21name a weakness of using MSM (too simplistic)STM and LTM may be more complex than proposed
- 22name a weakness of using MSM (STM before LTM )as chunking shows, STM and LTM often work very closely together. Information can be held in forms of chunks
- 23name a weakness of using MSM (unrepresentative sample)some of the research into memory is based on college students- can't be generalised
- 24what does the neurological evidence by Milner (1970) showthat LTM and STM are different in terms of encoding, duration and capacity
- 25what was milners research into brain damage (method)in 1953 H.M a 27 year old Canadian suffered a very severe form of epilepsy which was not responding to drug treatment. It was decided to operate in order to try and minimise his epileptic fits
- 26in milners research what went wrong in H.Ms operationin removing tissue from HMs temporal lobes, the surgeon also appear to have created massive lesins (cuts) in his hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in memory (especially LTM)
- 27in milners research what were the consequences of H.Ms operationit was found that H.Ms STM was fine, but while he could remember things from before the operation he could not create any new long term memories - he could therefore create no new long term memories for anything that happened to him since the operation even decades later
- 28why is the study of H.M evidence that STM and LTM are separate memory storesprovides evidence of separate STM and LTM because following his surgery only his LTM appeared to be damaged and affected
- 29name one strength of milners case study method in relation to memoryby studying someone in a real life situation case studies may provide detailed info on how memory can be affected
- 30name one weakness of milners case study method in relation to memorycase studies are often concerned with unusual or extreme cases
- 31what other evidence shows the separation between LTM and STMserial position curve
- 32who created the serial position curveGlanzer and Cunitz (1966)
- 33what was the method of Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) researchthey wanted to see if STM and LTM would produce separate recall effects from a list of words
presented participants with 20 common words one at a time. After the last word participants had to immediately recall as many words as possible (free recall technique). They then looked to see which 20 of the words were most frequently recalled - 34where are the words recalled from the begging of the list coming fromprimary effect-words from beginning are coming from the LTM since enough time has elapsed to allow transfer from STM to LTM
- 35where are the words recalled from the end of the list coming fromrecency effect- words from end are coming from STM since there has not been enough time for transfer to LTM or for the words to be lost
- 36why are many of the middle words poorly recalledbecause they are neither in LTM or STM
- 37what is the effect of Glanzer and Cunitz results calledthis effect is known as the serial position curve
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- A level Psychology Fichas sobre memory topic 6- multi-store memory , creado por Ella Stokes el 06/01/2019.
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- Ella Stokes
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